有读者问: 有这样一句话:
(1)As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.
为什么she只指代Granny而不指代别的人?
在这个孤立的句子中,人称代词she只可指代主句的主语Granny(只有在一定的上下文中she可指代别的人)。这在语法中叫做“代词先出现”。此种现象在汉语中似乎不大出现,但在英语里却不罕见,尤其在书面语中(在口语中,上述句子则可将she移后,变为As Granny was reading the newspaper, she fell asleep)。
(2)When he saw the clown, Jesson laughed. (he后指Jesson)
(3)In 1896, eleven years after they were driven out of the Sudan, the British imperialists started a new war of aggression against the young Mahdist state. (they后指the British imperialists)
物主代词亦可先出现,如:
(4)His ears now ringing, O'Toole stared out the window facing Broadway. (his后指O'Toole)
有时人称代词先出现,后出现句子的主语,如:
(5)They were common enough, he said, such cases of petty graft. (they指代such cases of petty graft)
