为什么用 and who?

有读者问:有这样一个句子:

(1)Seventeen, she is the daughter of a friend, a woman I love and admire, a woman of accomplishment whose children are accomplished and who love her.

这里为什么用 and who?

and who 常为英美一些人所用, 有时是错用,如句(1)。 从语法结构看,这个 who 与 whose 并列,应与 whose 共用一个先行词 a woman of accomplishment, 但这显然讲不通。从逻辑上看,此 who 应指 children。 所以 and who 是错用了,应去掉 who 才对。这种错用 and who 的情况并不罕见,再如:

(2)Most of the applicants were already working at jobs which did not fit what they had learned and who wanted a move for a variety of reasons, the spokesman explained. (这里的who应为they)

(3)Every male Kaffir must go to a passing office and obtain a form, which he presents to his employer immediately he enters his employ, and who keeps it as long as the Kaffir is with him.

(and who 之前没有与其并列的定语,故属错用;它乃指 his employer, 所以应改为 and the latter)

但还有一种具有争议的情况。比如:

(4)She was a lady very learned in stones, ferns, plants, and vermin, and who had written a book about petals.

对于像这种句子中的 and who, 有人认为不妥,因为它与其前面的形容词短语 very learned in stones... 并不对等并列。有人则认为形容词短语 very learned in stones... 实际上具有与 who 从句同样的句子功用,两者都是 lady 的定语,所以不能算是错误。还有一种人可说是中间派,他们认为这种and who 也常用在优秀作家的著作之中,并不影响读者的理解,所以无伤大雅,充其量仅属微疵而已。但他们又劝人们要避免这种用法,句(4)即可改为:

(5)She was a lady who was learned in stones, ferns, plants, and vermin, and had written a book about petals.

顺便提及,上述结构不仅限于 and who, 还有 but who, and (but)which 等,这里恕不一一举例说明了。