有读者问:对下面两个句子中的 much 应怎样分析?它们具有同样的功能吗?
(1)It is not much of a place.
(2)He seems to me much of a type with the others.
不,两句中虽皆用同一 much,但二者的功用却不一样。
例(1)中的 much 是一不定代词,后接表示部分的 of,构成了一个用作程度状语的固定词组 much of,其结构与常见的 many of, plenty of, something of, little or nothing of 完全相同。但应注意, much of 之前往往有 not,换言之,它常用于否定结构。它的意思是“不是了不起的”,如例(1)即可译作“它不是一个什么了不起的地方”或“它是一个不大出名的地方”。再如:
(3)I'm not much of a tennis player.
(4)That is not much of a hat.
但有时亦可用于肯定结构,如:
(5)He is very much of a hero. (意谓“他有英雄气概”)
(6)He is just as much of a VIP as his brother. (much 在此纯表程度)
例(2)中的 much 是一个相当于副词的不定代词。它可以独立使用,并不与其后的 of 构成一固定词组。它也用作程度状语,但说来有趣,它的意思并不是“了不起的”,“很……”,而是“几乎”或“差不多”。所以例(2)的意思是:在我看来,他似乎和别的那些人几乎是同一类型。
这种 much 既然可以独立使用,其后自然也可以不接 of。现举几例如下:
(7)They are much the same. (常和 the same 连用)
(8)Today was much like yesterday.
(9)Everything is relapsing much into its usual state.
(10)They can usually do much what they please.
