too much 与 much too

有读者问: 请问too much与much too有何区别?

这两个说法不论在意义上或是在用法上都有所不同。too much的意思是“太多”, much too的意思则是“在很大程度上太……”。现将too much的一些用法举例如下:

1. 相当于名词,如:

(1)It was too much for John to take.

(2)They needed rain as they needed the sun; but there always seemed to be too much or too little.

2. 相当于形容词,如:

(3)We need not attach too much importance to the difference between these two words. (too much在此用作定语)

(4)This is too much .

(成语,意谓“令人受不了”;too much用作表语)

3. 用作状语,如:

(5)He was too much tired to eat.

(6)I was too much disappointed to speak.

much too的用法比较简单,只用作状语,如:

(7)This dress is much too small for me.

(8)The food was served by two boys in uniform much too large for them.

请注意much too所表的程度要小于too,试比较:

(9)You are driving too fast.

(too fast表绝对地快,没有程度上的差别)

(10)You are driving much too fast.

(much too fast表在很大程度上太快了,或译作“快得太多了”)

下面一句中的a bit too亦表程度:

(11)You are driving a bit too fast. (a bit too fast亦表程度,意谓“太快了点儿”)