直接引语中的shall在间接引语中只应用would吗?

有读者问: Quirk等著的《英语语法大全》与Alexander著的《朗文英语语法》都说,在直接引语中shall表示预测将来时,变间接引语时应用would。但:

(1)We shall have an English text next week.

是否可转述为:

(2)The teacher said that we should have an English text the next week.

上述《英语语法大全》和《朗文英语语法》有关直接引语中表示预测将来的shall变为间接引语时应用would的论述,有点语焉不详,过于简略。他们所举的应用would的间接引语的主语都是第三人称,无一主语是第一人称。例如《朗文英语语法》所给的间接引语的主语就只有第三人称:

(3)“I shall tell him exactly what I think,” she said. (直接引语用shall)

(4)She said she would tell him exactly what she thought. (间接引语用would)

我们觉得,据此似乎还不能得出这样的结论: 直接引语中的表预测将来的shall变成间接引语时,只可用would,不可用should。 我们翻阅了几本较为可靠的近年出版的辞书,差不多都有间接引语中主语I/we可用should的例证,如:

(5)She banged on the door and said we should be late.

(6)Did the doctor say I should recover soon.

(7)I estimated that I should finish in ten days.

(8)I thought I should never see you again.

(9)I told you I should not be in for dinner.

因此,我们认为A.J.Thomson和A.V.Martinet合编的A Practical English Grammer (Oxford University Press)的提法较为稳妥。该书说: 直接引语变为间接引语时,I/we shall可变为I/we should或I/we would,但would较为普通(大意如此,见该书第293节末尾)。顺便提一下,I/we would之所以压倒了I/we should,正如I/we will压倒了I/we shall一样,都是受了美国英语的影响的缘故。

基于上述分析,你所举的上述句(2)自然是正确的,但在当代英语中,更不必说美语,将should代之以would恐已是大势所趋了。