这里为什么可以用 can?

有读者问:我们的课本上说表“将来的能力”须用 be able, 不可用 can,但我却遇见“Can you ring me up this evening?”请问如何解释?

应该说,表将来能力(ability)时,一般或通常须用 be able,如:

(1)I'll be able to pass my driving test after I've had a few lessons. (亦可用 manage to代替 be able)

(2)I'm sure we shall be able to get you a job soon.

但有例外。你所举的一个问句即是一例。我们觉得这种问句中的 can 似乎有 will 的含义,再如:

(3)Can you come to the party tomorrow?

另外,在表未来的 if 或 when 从句中亦可用 can,如:

(4)If you can pass your driving test at the first attempt, I'll be very surprised.

请再看一种例外情况:

(5)The spare parts have arrived. We can repair the car tomorrow.(这里的 can 似乎在表一种由于客观原因而形成的能力)

但请注意下面两句中的 can 则不是表能力,而是表许诺 (permission):

(6)I can see him tomorrow.

(7)You can bring the dictionary tomorrow.