曾有人提出这样一个问题: 在英语比较结构中,than后省去动词是可以理解的(如John is taller than Tom中,than Tom=than Tom is);省去主语和谓语动词也是可以理解的(如Tom works harder than before中,than before=than he did before)。但在Lei Feng always did more work than was required of him这一句中,than之后省去了什么呢?
再看下面的句子:
(1)Don't eat more than is good for you, my boy.
(2)The word “numberless” means “more than can be counted.”
(3)The question is more complicated than appears on the surface.
(4)There is more to it than meets the eye.
在这些句子中,都有一个如何看待than以及than之后是否省去了什么的问题。
关于than结构问题,比较复杂,不可能在此作全面的讨论。但单就上述句子中的than而言, 问题也不简单,英语语法学家们意见也不一致。有的语法学家认为than在此是关系代词;有的语法学家认为是连词,后面省去了主语what。我们比较倾向于后一种看法,理由至少有三 :1. 这样分析,比较简单实用,容易为中国学生所接受。2. 实际上英国也有不省去主语what的情况。当然这是俗语,不能登大雅之堂。3. than和连词as在句子中所起的作用有很多相似之处,而as之后也常常有省去主语what的情况,如:
(5)I eat just as much as is good for me.
(6)To this question the answer is as follows.
当然,也有than之后省去宾语what的情况。如:
(7)I won't say more than I know.
