谈谈if anything

有一些读者问到 if anything 是什么意思?如何用?其结构如何?

让我们先谈它的结构。它显然是一省略结构,和 if any 一样,都省去了 if 后的 there be。它已成为一个固定的习语,其原本结构已不为人所用。

关于 if anything 的意义,各家的解释不尽相同。其本义自然是 if there is anything (如有什么的话)。有的词典则说得较为明确:if anything = if anything definite can be said, this is it (如可表明什么,那就是它了)。但在不同的上下文中,if anything 则有不同的具体含义。据手头上的资料,计有:

1. perhaps even 或许,甚至

2. if at all 如果可说什么的话

3. if there is any difference 如有所不同

4. more likely 更可能的是

5. instead 相反

6. rather 勿宁说

7. on the contrary even 恰恰相反,甚至……

从翻译的角度来看,译文除上述的直译外,还有:

8. 要说呢,倒是……

9. 说起来

10. 总之

当然有时可以不译。

if anything 多用于口语或非正式文体中,其用法主要有二:一是表示没有把握或委婉客气,如:

(1)If anything , he is a little better today.

(2)If anything , he felt pity.

(3)If anything , you ought to apologize.

(4)He seems to have little, if anything , to do with this.

(5)Things are, if anything , improving.

(6)He was known as a woman hater, if anything .

(7)If anything , my concert was my personal expression of the thanks and friendship to the Chinese people and of my love for the Chinese culture.

(8)—Have you done any reading these days?

—Not much, if anything .

二是用在一否定结构之后表示“相反”,如:

(9)Joe isn't a bad boy. If anything , he's a pretty good one.

(10)He's not thin —if anything he's rather on the plump side.

(11)The weather forecast is not for cooler weather; if anything , it is expected to be warmer.

(12)—Is Li a diligent student?

—No, but he is a lazy one, if anything . (if anything 在此也可以说 = if he is anything)

有时 if anything 之前并非一否定结构,但仍表“相反”,如:

(13)Despite optimistic reports, conditions had if anything worsened.

最后,请注意 if anything 在句中的位置比较灵活。它可以位于句首,如上述例 (1)、(2)、(3)等;也可以位于句中,如上述例 (4)、(5)、(13)等;也可以位于句末,如上述例 (6)、(8)、(12)等。