有一读者问：在阅读 China Daily 时遇到这样一句话：
(1)Despite the fact that most foreign investors are serious and honest in doing business with China and a great deal of foreign investment has contributed to China's economic growth, there are foreign sharks out there.
这里的 out there 作何解释，请赐教。
There are sharks out there 是一句常用语，其义是：那外面有鲨鱼，用以叫人们提高警惕。 out 是一副介词（或叫作小品词），意思是“靠外”；there 则是一副词，意思是“在那里”，指说话人的所指处。 out 和 there 在此皆用作状语，这种两个或两个以上状语同时出现在一个句子里的现象，在语法中，叫作“状语的同现”。再如：
(2)He is out there .
(3)It was found in here .（也有人将这里的 here 看作名词）
比较常见的还有“副介词+介词短语”结构，如：
(4)Father is out in the garden .
(5)There are quite a number of comfortable houses up in the hills .
(6)What makes you so down in the mouth ?
下面句中的“副词+介词短语”结构也属于状语的同现：
(7)He went deep into the wood .
(8)She saw a long scar low on his spine .
有时有三个状语同时在一句中出现，如：
(9)These tortoises are found deep down in the seas .
(10)We saw a plane far above in the sky .
There are foreign sharks out there 在此是一种比喻，更正确地说，是一种转喻 (metonymy)，其义转为：在外商投资当中有诈骗之徒。 sharks 在此已转义为“进行诈骗等勾当的人”。
