有一读者问:有这样一句话:
(1)He hung on the wall the photo he had taken at the seaside.
为什么不将 on the wall 置于句首或句尾?
你也可以将这里的状语 on the wall 置于句首,如果要予以强调的话。英语中将状语置于句首的情况是很多的,这里举一二例即可见一斑:
(2)At the airport last night two events took place.
(3)In cotton China now leads the world.
但在这里绝不可将状语 on the wall 置于句尾,原因很简单:如将这个介词短语置于句尾,它岂不成了定语从句 he had taken...中的一部分了吗?
像上述句(1)中将状语置于谓语(及物动词 hung)与宾语 (the photo)之间的情况在英语里是屡见不鲜的,再如下面句子中的画线部分:
(4)Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. (由于需要将 what 从句置于句末,以示强调)
(5)He took from his pocket a handkerchief and handed it to her. (由于强调 the handkerchief 并使之接近于其后的 it)
(6)He saw one behind the other in the washing queue faces he know — the hostages. (与上述句[1] 相类似,也是由于宾语 faces 后有定语从句)
(7)He could find for his purpose nothing better than a broken wire rack which had been used for vegetables. (宾语 nothing 后有很长的定语)
有时状语从句亦可置于谓语与宾语之间,如:
(8)They will train with or might play for, if they are good enough , Manchester United's youth team, and will stay there for two and half months. (they 指代两个年轻的中国足球运动员。这里将 if 从句置于宾语之前也是为了侧重宾语)
有时还可将状语从句插入完成时态之中,如:
(9)The value of romantic literature, which has been, so far as the Middle Ages are concerned , unjustly depreciated, does not depend upon beauty of words or beauty of fact.
状语置于谓语动词之前的情况,也值得中国学生注意,如:
(10)The young girl to please the king accepts that knight. (如将 to please the king 置于句首或句末,就会被不适当地强调了)
有时可以在谓语动词之前插入很长的状语部分,如:
(11)Klipspringer's black counterpart, as if dancing for his life, which in a way he was, for he had arranged this meeting on sufferance of my interim appointees , made expansive ushering gestures toward the black official Cadillac which had been specially borrowed from the running dogs of Sahel for the occasion.
总之,在英语里,状语的位置确是比较灵活,但绝非可以将任何状语置于句子中的任何位置上。
