请解释一下 Who should come in but Li.这一句型好吗?

有一读者问:多数语法书都没有提到过像:

(1)What should I see but the very book.

(2)Who should come in but Comrade Li.

这样的句型,请解释一下好吗?

这是一个比较特殊的句型,词序或是“疑问词+should...+but...”,如你所举的例(1)与例(2);或是“疑问词+but...+should...”,如:

(3)Who but Maud should I meet last night.

这种句型是一种修辞性问句,即形式上是问句,实质上是一种陈述句,是不需要回答的。句中 should 带有感情色彩,表示惊讶,也有“命中注定”的含义, but 则相当于except。用这种句型时,请注意句子中用 who 或 whom 皆可,虽然其句子成分是宾语,如:

(4)When I crossed the street, who/whom should I see but my old friend Tom?

在当代英语里,尤其在非正式英语中, who 似乎较 whom 更为普遍。

上述句型亦可用在从句之中,如:

(5)He was just trying to break open the safe when who should come in but a police inspector!

最后,亦请注意这种句型之后可用句号,如例(1)、(2)、(3),也可用问号,如例(4),也可用惊叹号,如例(5)。你如愿意的话,也可以在 but 之前用一逗号,以稍示停顿,如:

(6)Who should presently come up, but the Right Honourable Edmund Preston.