有一读者问: 为什么下面两句中用复数动词:
(1)Nobody, except his most intimate friends, know it.
(2)Nobody but two boys were in the room just now.
这是一个用作主语的代词与动词一致的问题。代词与动词的一致,和名词与动词的一致一样,也有三种情况:
1. 语法上的一致,即形式上的一致,如:
(3)Each of us has his opinion.
2. 概念上的一致(或逻辑上的一致),如:
(4)Each of us have our opinions. (each of us在概念上相当于 we all)
3. 邻近原则(或叫做“形态同化”),即动词的数与其邻近的名词一致,如:
(5)Everybody wears new clothes and have inside toilets. (主语先用单数动词wears,但后转用复数动词have,这显然是由于受了其邻近的复数名词clothes的影响所致)
此外,还有一种习惯用法,如疑问代词who常用单数动词,实例如:
(6)— Well, they're giving a hell of a party on his birthday.
— Who is?
— Everybody.
你所提问的两个句子既可属于“概念上的一致”,亦可属于“邻近原则”。有的语法家认为它们更应属于“概念上的一致”。他们举了下面一例:
(7)No one except his own supporters agree with him.
理由是这个句子实际上等于Only his own supporters agree with him,因而较易令人接受。
顺便提及,“nothing but+复数名词”、“anything but+复数名词”等结构同样可用复数动词,如:
(8)The paper said nothing but exam marks were taken into consideration at those schools.
(9)I don't think anything but a few charred bones are left.
但须指出,在正式英语中,上述一些情况仍应在语法上取得一致,使用单形动词。不过none似应算作例外。一般说来,“none but+复数名词”之后皆应用复数名词,如:
(10)None but fools have ever believed it.
