有一读者问:because, since, for, because of, on account of 有什么区别?
because 和 since 意指“因为”时都是从属连词,because 表示直接理由,常用以回答 why,语气较强,实例如:
(1)I can't go, because I'm busy.
(2)Because no one tended the trees, a large number died.
注意上述句(2)可变为强调结构如下:
(3)It was because no one tended the trees that a large number died.(强调结构中的 because 不可代之以 since 或 as)
since 常相当于汉语的“既然”,其语气弱于 because,实例如:
(4)Since we've got a few minutes to wait for the train, let's have a cup of coffee.
注意有时并不能译作“既然”,如:
(5)Aircraft noise is a particular problem here since we're close to the airport.(since 在此可代之以 as)
顺便提一下,从属连词 as 亦可表示“因为”,但其语气更弱,常有其所表的原因或理由较为明显的含义,实例如:
(6)As he was not feeling well, he had to stay at home.
(7)I am going to bed, as I'm very tired.
for 亦可意指“因为”,但它不是从属连词,而是一等立连词,常用以表示上文未提到的附加的或补充性的理由,其前常有一逗号,实例如:
(8)It will rain, for the barometer is falling.(注意此处的 for 不可代之以表直接理由的 because)
for 表示补充性理由时可放在括号之中,如:
(9)The old man raked the fire together with an old stair-rod, and having trimmed his smoky lamp (for it was night), with the stem of his pipe, put it into his mouth again.
for 还可引导一个独立句甚至一个段落,如:
(10)For , you see, they trusted their own sense of touch very much.(摘自The Blind Men and the Elephant , for 引导独立句)
(11)For whatever the outcome of that game, the Koreans will be the champions.(摘自China Daily ,for 引导一个段落)
for 还可用作介词,意指“由于”,较为正式,常用以表示感情、赏罚等,实例如:
(12)He shouted for joy.
(13)He was rewarded for saving the girl's life.
(14)The driver was punished for the accident.
注意下列一类的常见搭配:
(15)Maxie Curie is famous for her contribution to science.(famous for 是常见搭配)
(16)You cannot see the wood for the trees.(for 常与 cannot ... 搭配)
because of 与 on account of 都是短语介词,意为“由于”,但后者似乎常用于正式文体中,试比较:
(17)He did not come to school because of illness.
(18)He was absent from school on account of illness.
