
2026年1月3日凌晨,美国对委内瑞拉发动大规模军事打击,突袭委首都加拉加斯并抓走总统马杜罗及其夫人。但美国是如何做到在短时间内侵入一个主权国家并将其总统掳走的呢?
今天小站就来和大家一起双语精读美联社发布于2026年1月4日的下面这篇文章(有删略),一探其中的究竟。
How the US captured Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro
美国如何抓获委内瑞拉领导人尼古拉斯·马杜罗
WASHINGTON (AP) — For months, the U.S. military had been amassing a presence off Venezuela’s coast and conspicuously blowing up alleged drug trafficking boats and killing the occupants.
华盛顿(美联社)——数月以来,美军一直在委内瑞拉海岸附近集结军事力量,并高调炸毁所谓的贩毒船只,击毙船上人员。
- amass a presence
【熟词僻义+表达积累】amass 主要指在一段时间内经过长期努力而“积累、积聚、大量收集”大量有价值的材料或事物, presence 在句中作单数名词特指“军事存在”,即驻扎在特定地点的一群人,尤其是士兵或警察(a group of people, especially soldiers or police, stationed in a particular place),而 amass a presence 也就是指“集结军事存在”或者说“集结军事力量”,生动描绘美军在委内瑞拉周边逐步增强军事部署的动态。 - conspicuously
该副词派生自形容词 conspicuous (显眼的、引人注意的;显著的、炫耀的),相应表示“显眼地、引人注意地;显著地、炫耀地”,主要适用于形容对眼睛或大脑显而易见且不可避免的东西,特别是因其独特性而在视觉上或脑海里留下深刻印象的事物。 - occupant
英 /ˈɒkjəpənt/ 美 /ˈɑːkjəpənt/
本义指建筑、房屋等的“使用者、居住者”,句中引申指交通工具、床、房间等的“乘坐者、占用者”。
At the same time, U.S. intelligence agencies were carefully studying the country’s authoritarian President Nicolás Maduro, learning minute details such as his eating habits while special forces secretly rehearsed a plan to forcibly remove him.
与此同时,美国情报机构仔细研究了该国的威权总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗,掌握其饮食习惯等微小细节,而特种部队则秘密演练了一项将他强行带走的计划。
- authoritarian
英 /ɔːˌθɒrɪˈteəriən/ 美 /əˌθɔːrəˈteriən/
主要指“威权主义的、专制的”,常意味着以牺牲个人自由为代价,支持或强制严格服从权威(favouring or enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom)。 - minute
【熟词僻义】句中作形容词读作 /maɪˈnjuːt/ ,表示“极小的、微小的、细微的”,侧重指在绝对尺度上极其小,通常是微观或接近微观的尺度(extremely small on an absolute scale, usually a microscopic or near-microscopic scale)。句中使用 minute detail (微小细节)强调美军在动手前已经将马杜罗的各种生活习惯细节拿捏得一清二楚。 - rehearse
英 /rɪˈhɜːs/ 美 /rɪˈhɜːrs/
本义指“复述、详述、反复讲”,引申指“排练、排演、预演”,侧重指为了之后公演而反复练习戏剧、音乐、舞蹈等作品。
Months of covert planning led to the brazen operation overnight, when President Donald Trump gave an order authorizing Maduro’s capture. The U.S. plunged the South American country’s capital into darkness, infiltrated Maduro’s home and whisked him to the United States, where the Trump administration planned to put him on trial.
当唐纳德·特朗普总统下令批准抓捕马杜罗时,数月来的秘密筹划最终促成了此次夜间的公然行动。美国使这座南美国家的首都陷入黑暗,潜入马杜罗家中,并迅速将他带往美国。特朗普政府计划在美对其进行审判。
- covert
英 /ˈkʌvət/ 美 /ˈkoʊvɜːrt , ˈkʌvərt/
作形容词表示“秘密的、隐蔽的、暗中的”,侧重指所做之事是在掩盖之下完成的,没有公开承认或展示的(not openly acknowledged or displayed),与形近词 overt (公开的、明显的、不隐瞒的)相对。 - brazen
英 /ˈbreɪzn/ 美 /ˈbreɪzn/
本义指“黄铜制的、黄铜色的”,引申作贬义词指“厚颜无耻的、恬不知耻的”,可能源自于用“黄铜色的脸显示不出羞耻”这个概念来喻指,强调不仅毫无羞耻感,而且带有挑衅的傲慢。 - infiltrate
英 /ˈɪnfɪltreɪt/ 美 /ˈɪnfɪltreɪt/
本义指液体或气体“渗入、渗透”,句中引申指“(使)悄悄进入、潜入”,侧重指秘密且逐步地进入某个组织、场所等,或者获得其访问权限,尤其是为了获取秘密信息(enter or gain access to an organization, place, etc. surreptitiously and gradually, especially in order to acquire secret information)。 - whisk
英 /wɪsk/ 美 /wɪsk/
本义指“搅打、搅动”液体、鸡蛋等,引申指“匆匆带走、迅速送走”,即突然快速地将某人或某物带到或转移到某个地方(take or move someone or something somewhere suddenly and quickly)。
Trump, during a news conference Saturday at his Florida home, laid out the details of the strike, after which he said Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores, were flown by helicopter to a U.S. warship.
特朗普周六在其佛罗里达州家中举行的新闻发布会上详细披露了此次袭击的细节,之后他表示马杜罗及其妻子西莉亚·弗洛雷斯已由直升机送往一艘美国军舰。
- lay out
【短语动词】本义指整齐地“铺开、展开、摊开”,句中引申指“阐述、讲解、说明”,也就是如整齐摊开那般清楚仔细地解释某个事物(explain something clearly and carefully)。
The operation termed “Absolute Resolve” unfolded under the cover of darkness, with U.S. forces holding fast in the region, awaiting the ideal weather conditions to give pilots clear routes into Caracas. The extensive planning included practice on a replica of the presidential compound, as well as U.S. service members armed with what Trump said were “massive blowtorches” in the event the steel walls of a safe room needed to be cut open to extract the pair.
这场名为“绝对决心”的行动在夜幕掩护下展开,美军在该地区严阵以待,等待理想天气条件为飞行员提供进入加拉加斯的清晰航线。详尽的计划包括在总统府邸的复制模型上进行演练,以及美军人员配备了特朗普所说的“大型喷灯”,以备需要切开安全屋的钢墙来带走二人。
- unfold
英 /ʌnˈfəʊld/ 美 /ʌnˈfoʊld/
本义指“(使)展开、打开”,句中引申指如从折叠状态展开或铺开那般,行动按计划一步步进行。 - hold fast
【熟词僻义+表达积累】fast 在句中作副词表示“紧紧地、牢牢地、死死地”,而 hold fast 也就是指“坚守、固守、紧紧抓住”,用来形容美军在目标区域保持待命状态的坚定性。 - replica
英 /ˈreplɪkə/ 美 /ˈreplɪkə/
本义指出于原作者之手或在其指导下制成的精确“艺术复制品”,引申泛指各类精确“复制品、仿制品”,通常是按比例缩小的,强调非常相似。句中特指为演练而建造的总统府邸模拟建筑。
“He didn’t get that space closed. He was trying to get into it, but he got bum-rushed right so fast that he didn’t get into that,” Trump said an interview earlier Saturday morning on “Fox & Friends Weekend.”
"他没来得及关上那个(安全)空间。他正试图躲进去,但被迅速突袭,以至于没能进去,"特朗普在周六早些时候接受《福克斯与朋友们周末版》采访时说道。
- bum-rush
【美式俚语】指“突然强行闯入”(suddenly force or barge one's way into)。
A carefully rehearsed mission
一场精心演练的行动
Gen. Dan Caine, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said at Trump’s news conference that U.S. forces had rehearsed their maneuvers for months, learning everything about Maduro — where he was at certain hours as well as details of his pets and the clothes he wore.
参谋长联席会议主席丹·凯恩将军在特朗普的新闻发布会上表示,美军已演练相关行动数月之久,掌握了关于马杜罗的一切情况,包括他在特定时间所处的位置,以及关于他的宠物和所穿衣物的细节。
- maneuver
英/məˈnuːvə(r)/ 美/məˈnuːvər/
英式英语中拼作 manoeuvre ,常用复数名词 maneuvers 或 manoeuvres 表示“军事演习、作战演习”。
“We think, we develop, we train, we rehearse, we debrief, we rehearse again, and again,” Caine said, saying his forces were “set” by early December. “Not to get it right, but to ensure we cannot get it wrong.”
“我们构思,我们规划,我们训练,我们演练,我们复盘,然后我们再次演练,一遍又一遍,”凯恩说道,并表示他的部队在12月初就已“准备就绪”。“不是为了做到完全正确,而是为了确保我们万无一失。”
- debrief
英 /ˌdiːˈbriːf/ 美 /ˌdiːˈbriːf/
作动词表示“正式询问、盘问、听取”士兵、外交官、宇航员等关于其执行任务的情况汇报。句中用来强调美军行动流程的规范性——演练后通过复盘优化方案,呼应后文 “确保万无一失” 的表述。 - not to get it right, but to ensure we cannot get it wrong
【句型积累】使用“not to... but to...”对比结构,否定前者、肯定后者,常用来强调核心目标,否定次要意图,语气强烈,适用于演讲、声明等需要突出决心的场景。该句在文中突显了军事行动要求万无一失的特性。
Trump said on Fox that U.S. forces had practiced their extraction on a replica building.
特朗普在福克斯新闻上表示,美军曾在一个建筑复制品上练习过撤离行动。
- extraction
英 /ɪkˈstrækʃn/ 美 /ɪkˈstrækʃn/
句中作军事术语表示“撤离、撤出”,侧重指从敌对环境或危险地带将重要人物或己方人员带离的行动。
“They actually built a house which was identical to the one they went into with all the same, all that steel all over the place,” Trump said.
“他们真的搭建了一所和他们进入的那所一模一样的房子,到处都是那种相同的钢材,”特朗普说。
Trump said in the television interview that U.S. forces held off on conducting the operation for days, waiting four days for cloud cover to pass. Caine said that on Friday night, “the weather broke just enough, clearing a path that only the most skilled aviators in the world could move through,” adding that helicopters flew low to the water to enter Venezuela and were covered above by protective U.S. aircraft.
特朗普在电视采访中表示,美军为此次行动推迟了数日,等待了四天让云层散去。凯恩则称,周五夜间,“天气刚好有所好转,开辟出一条只有世界上最顶尖的飞行员才能穿行的路径”,并补充说直升机贴海低空飞行进入委内瑞拉,上空有美军护航机提供掩护。
- the weather broke just enough
【表达积累】表示“天气刚好有所好转”,其中 break 指天气、暴风雨等“突变”,句中特指持续的恶劣天气(如下雨、多云等)突然好转,这是新闻报道中描述天气与行动时机关系的地道表达。 - aviator
英 /ˈeɪvieɪtə(r)/ 美 /ˈeɪvieɪtər/
【词汇辨析】与 pilot 同样表示“飞行员、飞机驾驶员”,但比 pilot 更具专业性和军事色彩。如果说 pilot 只是驾驶飞机的 driver ,那么 aviator 则可以被称为驾驶飞机的 artist (能手、高手、大师)。
Trump said the U.S. operation “was dark and it was deadly,” adding that “the lights of Caracas were largely turned off due to a certain expertise that we have,” but giving no further details.
特朗普表示,美国此次行动“黑暗且致命”,并补充说“加拉加斯的灯光大部分被熄灭了,这得益于我们拥有的某种专业技能”,但没有提供更多细节。
- dark and deadly
【表达积累】特朗普使用这个并列形容词短语,简洁有力地概括了此次行动的隐蔽性和残酷性,具有强烈的画面感,既呼应前文 “夜色掩护” 的背景,又点出行动的“致命性”,符合其口语化且极具冲击力的表达风格。
The attack, which Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth described as part of “massive joint military and law enforcement raid,” lasted less than 30 minutes. At least seven explosions were heard in Caracas, and Venezuela’s Vice President Delcy Rodríguez, who under law takes power, said some Venezuelan civilians and members of the military were killed.
国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯称此次袭击为“大规模联合军事和执法突袭”的一部分,行动持续了不到30分钟。加拉加斯至少听到了七次爆炸声,而根据法律接掌权力的委内瑞拉副总统德尔西·罗德里格斯表示,一些委内瑞拉平民和军人在此次行动中丧生。
In a televised address later Saturday on state television, she demanded that the U.S. free Maduro and called him the country’s rightful leader. But Rodríguez also left open the door for a dialogue with the U.S. when she said, “We are willing to have respectful relations.”
周六晚些时候在国家电视台发表的电视讲话中,她要求美国释放马杜罗,并称他为国家的合法领导人。但罗德里格斯也为与美国对话留有余地,她说:“我们愿意建立相互尊重的关系。”
- rightful leader
指“合法领导人”,政治声明中常见表述,强调统治的合法性。 - leave open the door for
【习惯表达】本义指“为……敞开大门”,引申指“留有余地”,也就是为未来的行动、讨论或发展留出可能性,保持开放态度。
Yanire Lucas, a Caracas resident whose house sits pressed up next to a Venezuelan military base struck overnight, said she began to hear explosions next to her house around 1:50 in the morning.
亚尼蕾·卢卡斯是加拉加斯的一位居民,她的房子紧邻一座夜间遭到袭击的委内瑞拉军事基地,她说她在凌晨1点50分左右开始听到房子旁边传来爆炸声。
- pressed up next to
【表达积累】指“紧邻、紧贴着”,搭配 pressed up 比单用 next to 更具画面感,强调 “距离极近、几乎贴合” 。句中通过居民住所与军事基地 “紧邻” 的细节,侧面烘托爆炸发生时的惊险场景,让读者更易共情居民的感受,是新闻报道中通过细节增强真实感的常用手法。
Trump said a few U.S. members in the operation were injured, but he believed no one was killed. Caine said one helicopter was struck by fire as it closed in on Maduro’s compound but it was able to safely fly on its return.
特朗普表示,行动中有几名美国人员受伤,但他认为无人阵亡。凯恩则称,一架直升机在逼近马杜罗府邸时被火力击中,但仍成功安全返航。
