(1) 在许多情况下,begin和start是同义词。
- I started/began my career as a teacher of English in a middle school in my hometown when I was twenty.
我20岁时,在家乡一所中学里开始了我的职业生涯——当一名英语教师。 - It's no use arguing with him about it — let's start/begin (our work).
为这跟他争没有用——咱们开始干吧。
(2) 在口语中,start比begin常用。
- Damn, it's starting to rain!
(比用beginning 更自然) 糟了,开始下雨了!
*有些情况下,用start而不用begin:
①表示“启程,动身”。
- I think we'd better start earlier to avoid getting caught in the rush hour.
我想我们最好早些动身,以免赶上交通高峰期。
②表示“(机器)发动,启动”。
- I'm afraid something is wrong — the car won't start.
恐怕出了什么毛病——车子发动不起来。
③表示“使机器启动”。
- Mary, come and help me to start the washing machine.
玛丽,来帮我把洗衣机启动起来。
(3) begin和start后用不定式或-ing形式,意思上无多大差别,但是:
①在表示“开始”一项长期的或习惯性的活动时,-ing形式较常用。
- She sat down at the piano and started to play/playing.
她坐在钢琴旁,开始弹奏起来。 - How old were you when you began playing the piano?
你开始弹钢琴时多大?
②如begin和start本身是进行式,其后不用-ing形式。
- I'm starting to learn Spanish.
我正开始学西班牙语。 - The milk is beginning to boil!
牛奶就要煮开了!
③其后如果是不能用于进行时态的动词,如see, realize(意识到),这些动词就只能用其不定式形式。
- He began to see/realize the consequences of what he had done.
他开始意识到自己的行为所造成的后果。
(4) ①commence与begin 用法相同,但它更正式,口语中很少用。
- New term will commence on March 1st.
新学期将于3月1日开始。
②commence 也可接动词不定式和动词的-ing形式。
- The boy took the cheese and commenced to eat.
那男孩拿了奶酪,开始吃起来。 - They commenced building the bridge on March 15th last year.
他们去年3月15日开始建这座桥。