(1) ①beside一般作介词,意为“在……旁边”(at the side of; by)。
- Who's that girl sitting beside Philip?
坐在菲利普旁边的那女孩是谁? - There's room now beside me.
我旁边有空。 - Our school was beside a river.
我们学校在一条河边。
②beside还有“与……比起来”的意思。
- His work seems poor beside yours.
与你的工作比起来,他的工作似乎差一些。 - Beside last year's results, the figures for this year have fallen.
跟去年的结果比起来,今年的数字下降了。 - To him, work is the important thing; beside it all else is trivial.
对他来说,工作才是重要的事。与此相比,所有其他的事情都是小事。
③beside可以组成成语:beside oneself (with...)意为“……得要命;……极了”。with接表示情绪的词,如joy, grief, rage, excitement, anxiety, hatred或表示病痛的词如toothache等。
- He was fairly beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam.
当他听说他考试及格了,他可真是高兴极了。
④有时不用with短语,由上下文表示出来。
- She was a little beside herself. Poor Mr. Gerald had died.
她难过得要命,可怜的杰拉尔德先生去世了。
⑤beside the point/mark/question意为“离开了本题,不关正题”。
- What you have said is quite beside the point .
你所讲的离正题很远。 - I will do it in any case: the cost is beside the point .
不管怎样我将做这件事,花费是次要之事。
⑥beside也间或用作副词,意为“在旁边”。
- They rode in the carriage and the dog ran along beside .
他们乘坐在马车里,狗在旁边跟着跑。
(2) besides既可作介词,又可作副词:
①作为介词,意为“除了……还有”,类似于as well as,在已知情况外还想增加新的信息时使用。
- Besides literature, we have to study history and philosophy. (We have to study history and philosophy as well as literature.)
除文学外,我们还得学习历史和哲学。 - Who was at the party besides Jack and the Bensons? (I know about Jack and the Bensons, but who else was there?)
除杰克和本森一家外,还有谁参加了晚会?
②作为副词,意为“还有,并且,另外”(also, moreover, as well),常用于分句之前。
- I don't like those shoes; besides, they are too expensive.
我不喜欢那些鞋,况且也太贵。 - It's too late to go out now. Besides, it's starting to rain.
现在出去太晚了,并且天已开始下雨。