(1) ①在表示时间时,by的意思是“不迟于……;在……之前”,如:by five o'clock,是指“在5点或5点之前(不迟于5点)”。
- You can borrow my camera, but I must have it back by five o'clock.
你可以借我的照相机,但必须在5点(以前)还回来。
②by the time (that)与一个从句连用,意思是“不迟于”某事发生的时间。
- I'll have left New York for Paris by the time you arrive in Washington.
你到华盛顿之前,我就将离开纽约前往巴黎了。 - By the time that the security guards had realized what was happening, the gang were already inside the bank.
等保安人员明白过来是怎么一回事时,那伙歹徒已进入银行里面了。
(2) before作介词表示时间,意为“在……以前”。
- It began to blow quite hard, just before noon.
就在中午前,开始刮很大的风。 - The darkest hour is before the dawn.
黎明前是最黑暗的一小时。