区别辨析 conscious, consciousness, conscience 与 conscientious

(1) ①conscious为形容词,意为“有意识的,神志清醒的,知道的,意识到的”,指某人能看见或听见并了解周围发生的事情,与of连用,其反义词是unconscious。

  • I always get up at seven o'clock, but I'm not really conscious until eight.
    我总是在7点钟起床,但直到8点钟才真正清醒。
  • After the accident, she was unconscious for a week.
    这场事故后,她昏迷了一周。

②在作“知道的,意识到的”解时,常与介词of连用或跟从句。

  • He was very conscious of his own shortcomings.
    他非常了解自己的缺点。
  • Gradually I became conscious of a change in her.
    我渐渐地意识到了在她身上所发生的变化。
  • She was not conscious of what other people thought of her.
    她并不知道别人会怎样看待她。
  • I was profoundly conscious that I had to work harder to attain the object of my efforts.
    我深知,为了达到我为之努力的目标,我必须要更加努力。

③conscious还有“自觉的,有意识的,有觉悟的”意思。

  • Gain conscious familiarity with features of the English sound, grammar, vocabulary, and cultural systems.
    要有意识地去熟悉英语语音、语法、词汇和文化体系的特点。

 (2) consciousness是名词,表示“知觉,意识,觉悟”。

  • Consciousness did not return to him until two hours after he was injured.
    他受伤两小时后,才恢复意识。

 (3) ①conscience为名词,意为“良心,良知,道德心”。

  • Go your way according to your conscience , not caring about what people say.
    按照你的良知走自己的路,不要在乎人们怎么说。
  • I have a guilty conscience about forgetting to do that for you.
    对于忘记为你做那事,我怀有一种负罪感。
  • My conscience wouldn't allow me to work in your firm.
    我的良知不允许我在你的公司里干。

②conscience常用于以下短语:

  • go against one's conscience
    违背自己的良心,昧着良心
  • have a good/clear conscience
    问心无愧
  • have a bad/guilty conscience
    感到内疚,心中有愧
  • have sth. on one's conscience
    因某事而内疚

 (4) conscientious意为“认真的,负责的”。

  • He likes young people to be conscientious with their work.
    他喜欢对自己工作认真负责的年轻人。
  • She was a very industrious and awfully conscientious girl.
    她是一个非常勤劳、非常认真的女孩。