区别辨析 do so, do it 与 do

 (1) do so有时可用来避免重复一个动词(或动宾短语),这与do的用法相似。do so在正式文体中最常见,特别是在副词或副词短语前。

  • He told me to close the door, and I did so as quietly as possibly.
    他叫我去关上门,我尽可能轻地把门关上了。
  • Eventually she divorced Bill. It was a pity she had not done so earlier.
    最终她与比尔离婚了。很遗憾她没有早点这么做。
  • A: Have you written that letter?
    你写完那封信了吗?
  • B: I will do so immediately, sir.
    我马上就写,先生。

 (2) do so通常用来指“自愿的、有意的行动”,一般不用do so来代替像like, remember, think, fall, lose这样的词,但do可以。

  • I like traditional national music, and I always have (done) .
    我喜欢传统民族音乐,而且一向如此。
  • Mary likes fish, and I do as well.(=...I like fish as well.)
    玛丽喜欢鱼,我也如此。
  • Jean lost her money. I wasn't surprised that she did .(不用did so)
    琼丢了钱。对此我一点也不惊讶。

 (3) do so主要用来指与前面提到的行动和主语相同的场合。

  • I always eat peas with honey, my wife never does . (不用does so)
    我总是就着蜂蜜吃豌豆,但我妻子从来不。
  • I promised to get all the tickets, and I will do so as soon as possible.
    我许诺去搞到所有的票,而且我会尽快搞到。
  • I haven't got time to get the tickets. Who's going to do it ? (不用to do so)
    我还没抽出时间去弄到票。谁打算去?
  • She rode a camel; she had never done so before.
    她骑着一头骆驼;她以前从未骑过。
  • A: I rode a camel in Morocco.
    在摩洛哥我骑了骆驼。
    B: I'd love to do that . (不用to do so)
    我希望也能去骑一下。

*但也有不遵守这一规则的,如美国作家Deborah Tannen就写过这样的句子:

  • Whereas women reassure each other by implying, “You should't feel bad because I have had similar experiences,” men do so by implying,“You should't feel bad because your problems aren't so bad.”
    妇女互相安慰时说:“你不应感到沮丧,因为我也有类似的经历。”而男人互相安慰时则说:“你不应感到沮丧,因为你的问题还没有那么糟。”
  • If we make no allowances for others, how can we expect them to do so for us?
    如果我们不体谅别人,又如何能期待别人体谅我们呢?