(1) escape作“逃跑,逃脱,逃避”解时,往往指罪人逃跑或逃脱惩罚;flee, fly, run away表示“逃跑”时,只单纯表示逃跑的行为。
- A criminal by the name of Johnson escaped from the prison last night.
一名叫做约翰逊的罪犯昨天夜里从监狱里逃跑了。 - Many times Jack said he would run away from home, but never did.
有许多次杰克都说要离家出走,但他却从未这样做过。
(2) flee, fly可作及物动词,有时也作不及物动词,是书面语,在美式英语中很少用fly表示“逃跑”之意。
- The Puritans, persecuted for their religious beliefs, fled (the country) to America.
清教徒因为宗教信仰受到迫害,逃往美国。 - Under the heavy fire of our army, the enemy troops fled in utter confusion.
在我军的强大炮火下,敌军狼狈逃窜。 - Be quick! Fly for safety, the floods are out.
快!快逃往安全地带,洪水来了。 - Many refugees flew the country after the military take-over.
在军人接管政权之后,许多难民逃离了这个国家。 - The birds flew away into their hiding-places.
那些鸟飞到它们的藏身之处去了。
(3) escape强调逃脱惩罚;run away只表示逃跑的动作,但在口语里这两个词有时也换用。
- The convict escaped/ran away from prison.
那囚犯从狱中逃跑了。
(4) desert可作“开小差,潜逃,逃亡”解,可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。
- The whole battalion deserted in a body.
全营集体潜逃。 - Later he turned traitor and deserted to the enemy.
后来他成了叛徒,投靠了敌人。
(5) get away/off在口语中常代替escape。
- The pickpocket will never be allowed to get away/off lightly.
绝不能让扒手轻易溜走。
(6) take to one's heels, take to flight意为“步行逃走,逃之夭夭,溜走”,可以换用。
- As soon as he saw the policeman coming, the criminal took to his heels/took to flight but was soon caught.
那名罪犯一看见警察来了,就逃之夭夭,但不久就被抓住了。