区别辨析 escape, flee, fly, run (away), desert, get away (off), take to one's heels 与 take to flight

(1) escape作“逃跑,逃脱,逃避”解时,往往指罪人逃跑或逃脱惩罚;flee, fly, run away表示“逃跑”时,只单纯表示逃跑的行为。

  • A criminal by the name of Johnson escaped from the prison last night.
    一名叫做约翰逊的罪犯昨天夜里从监狱里逃跑了。
  • Many times Jack said he would run away from home, but never did.
    有许多次杰克都说要离家出走,但他却从未这样做过。

 (2) flee, fly可作及物动词,有时也作不及物动词,是书面语,在美式英语中很少用fly表示“逃跑”之意。

  • The Puritans, persecuted for their religious beliefs, fled (the country) to America.
    清教徒因为宗教信仰受到迫害,逃往美国。
  • Under the heavy fire of our army, the enemy troops fled in utter confusion.
    在我军的强大炮火下,敌军狼狈逃窜。
  • Be quick! Fly for safety, the floods are out.
    快!快逃往安全地带,洪水来了。
  • Many refugees flew the country after the military take-over.
    在军人接管政权之后,许多难民逃离了这个国家。
  • The birds flew away into their hiding-places.
    那些鸟飞到它们的藏身之处去了。

 (3) escape强调逃脱惩罚;run away只表示逃跑的动作,但在口语里这两个词有时也换用。

  • The convict escaped/ran away from prison.
    那囚犯从狱中逃跑了。

 (4) desert可作“开小差,潜逃,逃亡”解,可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。

  • The whole battalion deserted in a body.
    全营集体潜逃。
  • Later he turned traitor and deserted to the enemy.
    后来他成了叛徒,投靠了敌人。

 (5) get away/off在口语中常代替escape。

  • The pickpocket will never be allowed to get away/off lightly.
    绝不能让扒手轻易溜走。

 (6) take to one's heels, take to flight意为“步行逃走,逃之夭夭,溜走”,可以换用。

  • As soon as he saw the policeman coming, the criminal took to his heels/took to flight but was soon caught.
    那名罪犯一看见警察来了,就逃之夭夭,但不久就被抓住了。