(1) except比but“排除”的意味更强、更明确,所排除的事物通常不在所述范围之内。其后可接名词、代词、副词和介词短语。
- Yesterday we all went to the park except John.
昨天,除约翰外,我们全都去了公园。 - I looked for it everywhere except in the drawer.
除了抽屉以外,我别的地方都找过了。 - You can find that sort of thing nowhere but/except in Italy.
除意大利以外,你在别的任何地方都找不到那种东西。 - There is no direct route but/except through the centre of town.
除穿过市中心外,没有直达路线。 - He is too ill to have been anywhere but/except in bed.
他病得很厉害,除了卧床以外,哪儿都去不了。
(2) 两个词均可接动词不定式。如果前面主要动词为do,不定式就不带to;如果主要动词是do以外的其他动词,这不定式则要带to。
- The windows were never opened except to air the room for a few minutes in the morning.
这些窗户除在早晨通风几分钟以外,从未打开过。 - They were all so tired that they could do nothing but lie down to have a rest.
他们都非常疲劳,除了躺下休息以外,什么也不能做。 - I would do anything except/but sit idle and wait.
我什么都可以做,就是不能闲坐着等。 - So there was nothing for us to do except/but to go and find another hotel.
我们除了去找另一家旅馆外,别无他法。
(3) 在there is nothing to do but/except之后,有时也可省去to。
- There was/seemed nothing else to do but send for the doctor.
除了去请医生以外,没有/似乎没有别的办法。
(4) except还可接that从句。
- I know nothing except that Tom was there when it happened.
我一无所知,只知道事情发生时汤姆在场。
(5) but也间或跟从句。(另见“but for, but that...”条目)
- The whole day long I hear nothing else but that I am an insufferable baby.
一整天,除了说我是一个叫人受不了的孩子外,我没听到别的话。 - Nothing would content him but I must come.
我必须来,只有这样才能令他满意。