(1) fairly在四个词中意思最弱。如果说“She is fairly pretty.”,并非十分夸赞,不过是说她有些漂亮;如果说“The film is fairly good.”,是说它还不错,值得一看,但并非值得走远道去看。fairly后接表示好的或愉快的形容词或副词,不能接too。
(2) quite较fairly意思稍强。如果说“The film is quite good.”,暗含向人推荐之意;再如:“He speaks English quite well.”,是说他英语讲得非常好,甚至能应付难度大的讨论。rather的意思又要强一些,常意味着“超常、出乎意料”,如说 “The film is rather good.”,是说这电影相当好,超出一般;又如说“It is rather hot.”,是指天气热得令人不快。
- This is a fairly easy book. (暗含适合用的意思)
这本书相当容易。 - This is a rather easy book. (It is rather too easy and is, therefore, unsuitable.)
这本书过于容易。
(3) pretty除作形容词外,也用作副词,意为“相当,非常”,表示的程度与rather近似,但pretty多用在非正式文体中。
- The wind is blowing pretty hard.
风刮得非常大。 - I'm pretty sure of it.
对此我非常有把握。 - She was in pretty good health; only a little tired.
她健康状况非常好,只是有点疲劳。 - I suppose you can read French pretty well by now.
我想,你现在能很好地阅读法语了吧。
(4) quite和rather可用在不定冠词前,并可与动词连用,如:quite a nice day, I rather(有点、有些、多少地) like her,而pretty和fairly不能这样用。另外,只有rather可修饰too,并可与比较级连用。
- He is rather better today.
他今天好多了。 - This car is rather too large.
这辆汽车太大了。
*关于fairly和rather,另见“rather, fairly”条。