(1) be+p.p.(过去分词)可以表示一个被动的动作,也可表示状态。
- He was criticized by the teacher yesterday.
他昨天被老师批评了。 - Are you married?
你已经结婚了吗?
(2) get+p.p.(过去分词),其意思很接近动词被动式,get用作近似be的助动词。
- That picture got damaged /was damaged when we were moving.
我们搬家时,那幅画被损坏了。 - How did the window get broken? /How was the window broken?
窗户是怎么弄坏的?
*但并非所有的被动式都能用get构成,如不能说“Our house got built in 1872.”或“Parliament got opened by the Queen last week.”get+过去分词形式大体可用于两种情况:①当所说的事情做得突然、出乎意料或带有偶然性时;②当所说的事情是给自己做而非被动时。
- He got caught by the police driving at 60 through Cambridge.
他以60英里的速度驾车通过剑桥时被警察抓住了。 - Jack got hit by a cricket ball and his nose was bleeding.
杰克被棒球击中了,鼻子在流血。 - I got invited to lots of parties last holidays.
上次假期我被邀请参加很多聚会。 - More and more people are getting attacked/robbed in the underground these days.
近来,越来越多的人在地铁里被袭击/抢劫。 - Have you got engaged to her?
你跟她订婚了吗? - I got acquainted with her when traveling in Europe.
在欧洲旅行时,我与她相识。 - What was there to get so excited about?
那儿有什么令人激动的事情? - I got drunk for the first time in my life that night.
那天夜晚,我平生第一次喝醉了。 - We got caught in the storm when coming down the mountain yesterday and we all got soaked through.
昨天我们下山时遇上了暴风雨,全都给淋透了。