(1) 一般说来,用he或she分别表示男人或女人,用it表示事物,但也有几点应当注意。
(2) 动物(如一些宠物)在被认为有人性、聪明、具有感情时常常用he或she来表示。
- Go and find the cat and put him out.
去把猫找到,把它放到外面去。 - Once upon a time there was a rabbit called Luke. He lived in a forest...
从前有一只兔子叫卢克,它住在一个森林里…… - His dog had to be destroyed because it started attacking sheep.
他的狗必须杀死,因为它开始袭击羊群了。
(3) 有些人用she表示汽车、摩托车及其他车辆;水手用she表示船。
- A: How is your new car?
你的新车怎么样?
B: Terrific. She 's going like a bomb.
棒极了。它跑得非常快。
(4) “国家”也常被当作阴性词看待。
- France has decided to increase her trade with Romania.
法国已决定增加与罗马尼亚的贸易。
(5) 当说及人群中的一员时(一个学生、一个政客等),一个办法是用“he or she”来指代。
- If a student needs advice about careers, he or she should consult the Careers Office.
如果一个学生需要咨询职业方面的事,应去咨询就业指导办公室。
但事实上应避免这样用,而往往用he来指这种人群中的任何成员。
- A politician may try to be completely honest, but he always finds he has to compromise.
一个政治家可能试图要完全诚实,但他总是发现他必须妥协。
(6) 对于像anybody/anyone, nobody/no one, somebody/someone, everybody/everyone及其他如a person等这样一些不确定的词语,口语中往往用they, them, their表示单数的意义,而避免提及性别,正式文体中也可用he, him, his。
- If anybody's lost a purse, they can get it from the office.
如果谁丢了钱包,可以到办公室去认领。 - Everyone thinks they are the center of the universe.
每个人都以为自己是宇宙的核心。 - If anybody calls, tell them/him I'm out, but take their/his name and address.
如果有人来访,告诉他我不在,但要记下他的名字和地址。 - If a person has no will to live, they are/he is often very difficult to help.
如果一个人不想活了,往往是很难去帮助他的。 - Nobody came, did they?
没人来,是吗? - Someone left their/his bag behind yesterday. Would they/he please collect it from the office?
有人昨天落下了包,请到办公室去领取好吗? - Whoever comes to see me, tell them/him I'm not at home.
不论谁来见我,都告诉他我不在家。