(1) ①job常指日常工作中的一项具体工作。
- Have you got the job done?
这项工作你干完了吗? - He worked for a company paid by the job .
他给一家公司干活,按件收费。
②job也用作“职业,工作”解。
- Tom lost his job three months ago.
汤姆三个月前丢了工作。 - He congratulated himself on having secured a job that would last till Christmas.
他庆幸自己找到了一份可以持续到圣诞节的工作。
③job有时也指“事情,事件,情况”。
- Such being the case, we have to make the best of a bad job .
情况既然如此,我们也只能勉为其难,尽力为之了。 - It's a hard/quite a job for a poor man to keep his wife and children clothed and fed.
一个穷汉要使妻子和孩子穿上衣吃上饭并非易事。
(2) ①work意为“工作,劳动(尤指与游戏或娱乐相对而言者)”。
- Are you fond of hard work ?
你喜欢艰苦的工作吗?
②work有时指“事情”。
- It was very hard work getting to the top of the mountain.
爬上那座山的山顶是一件非常困难的事情。 - Machines now do much of the work formerly done by man.
以前由人做的工作现在大部分用机器来做了。
③work也用来指“谋生的工作,职业”。
- What time do you get to (your) work?
你何时上班? - After some time, I went down to the silver-mines and tried to get work there.
过了一段时间,我去了那些银矿,试图在那里找到工作。 - There are ten thousand more people in/out of work this month than last.
就业/失业人数这个月比上个月多了一万人。 - As a single man, he had never troubled much if he happened to be out of work ; but now that he was married it was different.
在做单身汉时,一旦他失了业,他从不为此过于烦恼。但现在结了婚,情形就不同了。
④work也可指“待做之事,工作”,不一定与职业有关,也不一定为了报酬。
- I always find plenty of work that needs doing in my garden.
在花园里我总是发现有很多需要做的事。 - I have some work for you to do.
我有些事情需要你做。
(3) position指“工作,职位”,美式英语中通常用以指脑力工作。
- He has applied for the position of assistant manager.
他已申请副经理的职位。 - I'm glad that you've secured quite a good position in that shipping firm.
我很高兴你在那家运输公司谋到了一个好职位。
(4) ①place指“职位,工作”,尤指“公职”。
- He will get a place in the college.
他将在这所学院得到一个职位。 - She soon found a place as a salesgirl in a cigar store.
她不久就在一家烟草店找到一个销售员的职位。
②place还指“家政工作”,特别是妇女所做的“家政服务”。
- Mary has a good place with a rich family for years.
玛丽在一个富有家庭干着一份很好的家政工作有好几年了。 - Jane was dissatisfied with her place as a babysitter.
简不满意她做保姆的工作。
(5) situation也指“工作,职业”,主要用于求职的场合。如报纸广告用语:situations vacant(聘人),situations wanted(求职)。
- He is better/worse off now that he has been in/out of a situation .
他现在日子好过了/更糟了因为他已有了工作/失业了。 - To earn a living, she had taken various situations as a governess in the United States.
为了谋生,她在美国以家庭教师的身份干过各种工作。 - To take the situation as sales manager requires/involves a great deal of traveling.
干销售经理这差事需要经常旅行。
(6) vocation 可指一个人受到昭示且适于做的社会或宗教性工作,或称天职、天命、神召;也指行业、职业。
- The nursing of the sick, said Florence Nightingale, is a vocation as well as a profession.
南丁格尔说,看护病患不仅是一种职业,更是天职。