区别辨析 preceding, former, previous 与 prior

preceding, former, previous 与 prior 这些词都有“在前的”“前面的”意思,都没有比较级、最高级形式。

 (1) preceding指在时间、位置或顺序上紧接着前者。

  • The day was as gay as the preceding one, perhaps even more animated and noisy.
    这一天像前一天一样愉快,甚至更热闹更嘈杂些。
  • That topic has already been discussed in the preceding chapters.
    那个主题在前面几章里已经讨论过了。

 (2) former可指“以前的”“前任的”,即时间上在前的;也可指已提及的两个事物中的前一个,与latter所指事物构成对比。

  • He is the former President of the country.
    他是该国的前总统。
  • Joan and Jane are sisters. The former is a pianist; the latter is a singer.
    琼和简是姐妹,前者是钢琴家,后者是歌手。

 (3) previous指在时间上“较早的”,顺序上“在前的”,或指在目前来看,某事以前发生过的。

  • Every Friday evening, it was our custom to meet and review the previous week's contents.
    每个星期五晚上,我们习惯一起复习前一周的内容。
  • He cannot go, for he has a previous engagement.
    他事先有约会了,所以不能去。

 (4) prior有时可与previous互换,但有时多了一层在重要性上居先的含义,表示“优先的、更重要的”等意思。

  • I was unable to attend the party because of a prior/previous appointment.
    由于事前另有所约,我没能参加晚会。
  • I stopped playing football because my work had a prior claim on my time.
    我停止了踢足球,因为我必须优先处理我的工作。