(1) repudiate本义是“不承认与……有关;与……断绝关系”,引申表示“拒绝接受或否认某个理论、观点、方法或作品,认为它是错的、有害的或无价值的”。
- The new government repudiated the unequal treaty signed by the former government.
新政府不承认前任政府签订的这一不平等条约。 - The defendant repudiated the charge of his having shot the official.
被告驳斥了关于他枪杀那位官员的指控。 - She forcefully repudiated his erroneous ideas.
她有力地批驳了他的错误思想。
(2) ①refute是“证明某项陈述、意见等是错误的”,意思是“驳斥,驳倒,反驳”。
- We can easily refute such an argument.
我们很容易就能驳倒这种论点。 - The judge refuted his claim of innocence with eyewitness testimony.
法官以证人的证词反驳了他声称无辜的辩词。
②有时refute与repudiate同义。
- to refute/repudiate an opponent
驳倒对手
(3) criticize本意是“评价一个人或事物的好坏优劣”,一般用于指出缺点、错误的评论,与refute及repudiate相比意味较弱。有时与repudiate或condemn连用,以加强语气。
- He was publicly criticized in the newspapers.
他在报纸上受到公开批评。 - His scheme was criticized as too idealistic and impracticable.
他的计划被批评为过于理想化和不切实际。 - The erroneous ideas must be criticized and repudiated/condemned .
对这些错误思想,必须加以批判。
(4) ①condemn意为“谴责,批判”,作“批判”解时,含有最后的决定或确定的判断之意味。
- Most people condemned his foolish behavior.
大多数人都谴责他的愚蠢行为。 - People condemned the Prime Minister's peace efforts as betrayal.
人们谴责首相的和平努力是背叛。
②condemn可作“定罪,判处”解。
- The criminal was condemned to ten years in jail/to death/to the gallows (绞架).
罪犯被判处10年监禁/死刑/绞刑。 - The court condemned her to spend all her life in prison.
法院判处她终身监禁。
③condemn还表示“迫使处于某种状态,宣布不能使用”。
- He condemned her to lead /leading a dreary life.
他迫使她过着一种枯燥无味的生活。 - The building was condemned and is to be torn down.
该建筑被宣布为不能使用,将被拆除。
(5) ①denounce表示“谴责,斥责”。
- The Minister's speech was violently denounced in the newspapers.
这位部长的讲话在报纸上受到强烈谴责。
②denounce又作“告发,告密”解。
- He denounced his own brother as a thief.
他告发他自己的亲兄弟为窃贼。 - He denounced Mr. Hill to the police.
他向警察告发希尔先生。