(1) set up表示“设立,建立,设置,搭建”,多用于机构、组织、商店、学校、医院、岗哨、雕像、纪念碑、帐篷等。
- They set up their tents in the woods at the foot of the hills.
他们在山脚下的树林里搭起了帐篷。 - The machinery has been set up ready for the broadcast.
已架好了机器以备这次播音。 - He set up a small laboratory and did experiments in his spare time.
他建了一间小实验室,在他的业余时间做试验。
(2) ①build意为“修建,建造”,一般以建筑物为直接宾语。
- The house is built of wood.
这所房子是木头造的。 - Some birds build nests out of twigs.
一些鸟用小树枝筑巢。 - He built me a model ship out of wood.
他用木头为我做了一艘轮船模型。
②build也可用于引申意义。
- Wherever you go, you should build good relations with the masses.
无论你走到哪里,都要与人民群众建立良好的关系。 - No country should build its economy at the expense of the other peoples of the world.
任何一个国家都不应以世界上其他国家人民(的利益)为代价来建立自己的经济。
(3) establish意思与set up较接近,多用于组织、机构、商店、医院、学校、议会、政府、事业等;还可作“确定,确立,证实,建立”解,多用于抽象事物方面如权利、罪名、名誉、品格等。
- Public schools, hospitals and shops were established in our city.
我们的城市里建起了公立学校、医院和商店。 - Diplomatic ties between the two countries were at last established in 1987.
这两个国家最终在1987年建立了外交关系。 - She gradually established her fame as an actress.
作为一位演员,她逐渐树立起自己的声誉。 - His honesty and integrity are well established .
他的诚实廉正是大家公认的。 - A new rule has been established in this club that everyone buys his own drinks.
这家俱乐部确立了新规则,每人都要自购饮料。
(4) found意为“建立,设立,创立,创始等”,可接社会、事业、教会、政党、国家等名词,也可指“(出资) 兴办学校、医院等”。作“修建,兴建”解时,可接城堡、城市、村庄之类名词。
- They are fighting to found a new state.(也可用establish, build)
他们在为建立新国家而战。 - The rich businessman founded a hospital and a school in the town where he was born.
这位富商在他的出生地建起一家医院和一所学校。 - The C.P.C. was founded in July, 1921.
中国共产党成立于1921年7月。 - Marx and Engels founded/established/built up the theory of scientific socialism.
马克思和恩格斯建立了科学社会主义理论。 - The teacher founded his system of language teaching on the belief that speaking should come before reading.
这位老师将他的语言教学体系建立在说应先于读的理念之上。
(5) put up表示“建立,修筑,架设,搭建”。
- Be sure to have the machinery put up ready for the special broadcast.
务必把机器架设好以备播放这次特别节目。 - I want to put up/build a fence between our property and our neighbor's.
我想在我们和邻居的地产之间架起一道篱笆。 - The original college buildings were put up in the 16th century.
这所大学原来的建筑是在16世纪建造的。