(1) severe用于人时意为“严厉的,严格的”;用于天气、批评、失败、考验、惩罚、疾病时指“严重的,严峻的,剧烈的,厉害的,严酷的”。
- They suffered a severe setback/defeat in the match.
在这场比赛中他们受到了严重的挫败。 - He had only just recovered from a severe illness when I met him last time.
我上次见到他时,他刚从一场大病中恢复过来。 - Don't be too severe/strict with Jack; he's only a little child after all.
不要对杰克太严厉,毕竟他只是一个小孩子。 - Don't you feel you are too severe on the boy?
你难道没感觉到你对这个孩子过于严厉了吗? - It's to be hoped he'll get a severe punishment.
人们希望他得到严厉的惩罚。 - The winter is already here, and promises to be a most severe one.
冬天已经到了,而且很有可能是一个非常严寒的冬天。 - He seems to have stood the severe test in his job.
他看上去已经经受住了他工作中的这个严峻的考验。
(2) stern意为“严厉的,苛刻的,严肃的”,一般用于人、表情、惩罚等。
- He's much too stern with his son.
他对儿子过于严厉。 - They had a very stern taskmaster, they don't dare to disobey.
他们有一位非常严厉的工头,他们不敢不服从。 - These men must have stern/severe punishment.
这些人定会受到严厉的惩罚。 - The stern expression he wore on his face frightened us.
他脸上的那种严厉表情把我们吓坏了。
(3) strict也指“严厉的,严格的”,一般用于形容人、纪律等,在表示“严格的,严厉的”时,可与severe, stern互换。
- He seems very strict about it.
他看上去对此非常严格。 - He is always strict in/on the observance of the discipline.
他总是严格遵守纪律。 - You seem (to be) too strict/severe/stern with your son.
你似乎对你儿子太严厉了。 - No one is allowed to break the strict rule against smoking here.
任何人都不得打破不许在此处抽烟的严格规定。 - We shall all keep a strict hand over our children.
我们应对孩子严加管教。
(4) rigid意思是“严厉的,严格的,没有灵活性的”,用来形容人、纪律、标准、要求等。
- In our home, it is a rigid rule to wash one's hands before eating.
在我们家,饭前洗手是一项严格规定。 - Don't be too rigid — you should learn to compromise.
不要太死板——你要学会妥协。 - We must bring everything we do into conformity with rigid standards.
我们必须使自己所做的一切严格符合标准。
(5) ①rigorous意为“严厉的,严格的,严峻的”,多指纪律、训练、惩罚等。
- He has received/undergone rigorous vocational training for this purpose.
为了这个目的他已接受/进行了严格的专业训练。 - Can you stand the rigorous hardships of the fieldwork?
你能经受得住在野外工作的严峻困难吗? - These men must be punished with the most rigorous law.
这些人必须受到最严厉的法律惩罚。
②rigorous还表示“严酷的,剧烈的”,用来形容天气时指“严寒的,酷热的”。
- Have you got used to the rigorous winter in Canada?
你已习惯了加拿大的严冬了吗?
(6) harsh意为“苛刻的,残酷无情的,严厉的”,一般形容人、惩罚等。
- The little boy received harsh treatment from his master.
小男孩受到主人的虐待。 - The criminal was finally given a harsh punishment.
这个罪犯最终受到严厉惩罚。
*其他例子还有:harsh parents, a harsh judge, a harsh climate等。
(7) hard也可表示“严厉的,苛刻的”。
- He was a hard father.
他是一位严厉的父亲。 - Don't be too hard on your children.
不要对你的孩子太严厉。 - We had a hard/harsh winter.
我们经历了一个严寒的冬天。 - He had suffered a good deal of hard/harsh treatment from his stepmother.
他受到继母严酷无情的对待。