区别辨析 shake, shiver, shudder, tremble, convulse, quake, quiver 与 vibrate

 (1) ①shake意为“摇动的,震撼的,挥动的,震动的”,指上下、左右或转圈地运动,这种颤动可以是有意的,也可是无意的,既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。

  • Shake the bottle a little before taking the medicine.
    在服药前摇一下药瓶。
  • The earthquake shook the house to its foundation.
    这次地震把房子的地基都震动了。
  • Don't shake the rug here in the room.
    不要在房间里抖动这张地毯。

②shake作不及物动词时,表示“人(身体或声音)因激动、恐惧、天冷等而颤抖”,也可表示“其他东西的抖动”。

  • His sides were shaking with laughter.
    他笑得浑身都颤抖起来。
  • The criminal was shaking in his shoes with fear.
    那罪犯吓得浑身发抖。
  • Did you feel the earth shaking under us just now?
    刚才你感觉到我们脚下的大地在颤抖吗?
  • His hands shook a little as he wrote
    . 当他写字时手有点发抖。
  • This filled him with such fury that his voice shook .
    这使他如此愤怒以至于他的嗓音发颤。

 (2) shiver意为“颤抖”,特别指因寒冷或恐惧引起的战栗、哆嗦,用作不及物动词。

  • Standing in the icy wind, he was shivering all over with cold.
    站在刺骨的寒风中,他冻得全身发抖。
  • Our enemies must be shivering/shaking in their shoes.
    我们的敌人一定在浑身发抖。
  • Jane is shivering with cold so that her teeth are chattering.
    简冻得发抖,连牙齿都在打战。

 (3) shudder指“抽动,战栗,发抖”,特别指因寒冷、恐惧、厌恶等所引起,只用作不及物动词。

  • People sometimes shudder because of fear, cold and disgust.
    人们有时因恐惧、寒冷和厌恶而战栗。
  • She shuddered at the bare thought of the near accident. (=She shuddered at thinking/to think of the near accident.)
    仅仅是想一下险些发生的事故她就不寒而栗。

 (4) tremble意为“战栗,震颤,发抖”,用于形容人(身体或声音)时,多指因恐惧、愤怒、寒冷、体弱等原因而发抖;也可用于其他事物,只用作不及物动词。

  • The prisoner was scared out of his wits, not able to stop trembling .
    那囚犯吓坏了,不住地哆嗦。
  • She is like a narcissus trembling in the wind.
    她像一株在风中颤抖的水仙。
  • His hands trembled as he signed his name on the paper.
    当他在纸上签名时,他的手颤抖着。
  • The bridge trembled as the heavy lorry crossed/went over it.
    当这辆载重卡车从桥上穿过时桥身颤抖着。

 (5) convulse为及物动词,意为“使剧烈震动;使痉挛,震撼,摇动”,可用于引申意义,表示“震动,使不安,使大笑”,常用被动式。

  • The elements were convulsed over the passing away of the great man.
    伟人与世长辞,天地为之震动。
  • The clown convulsed the audience with his funny acts.
    那个小丑的滑稽动作使观众哄堂大笑。
  • The country has often been convulsed by earthquakes.
    这个国家常受地震之苦。

 (6) quake常指“大地的震颤、震动”,也可用来形容人,表示因恐惧或寒冷而战栗。

  • They quaked with fear when their village was invaded.
    当他们的村庄被侵略时他们吓得发抖。
  • I was writing something at the desk when the building suddenly began to quake .
    当这幢大楼突然震动起来时,我正在写字台前写东西。
  • The little girl was quaking with/for fear.
    这个小女孩吓得发抖。

 (7) quiver意为“微颤,震颤”,多用作不及物动词,较少用作及物动词。用于人(身体、声音)时,表示因激动、愤怒或寒冷而颤抖。

  • His hands quivered with cold/fear/fright/rage.
    她的双手因寒冷/恐惧/害怕/发怒而颤抖。
  • We sat by the lake, the beams of the moon quivering on the water.
    我们坐在湖边,月光在水面上粼粼闪烁。
  • The house quivered as the explosion went off.
    爆炸发生时这所房子震颤起来。
  • He quivered all over with fear at the sound of the explosion.
    听到爆炸声时他吓得全身颤抖。
  • The moth quivered its wings when stopping in the air.
    当飞蛾在空中静止时它的翅膀在颤动。

 (8) vibrate指“(使)快速而连续地摆动,摇动,震动”,用作及物动词或不及物动词。

  • The entire house vibrates when a big truck goes by.
    当大卡车开过时整个房屋都震动起来。
  • Her voice vibrated with emotion.
    她的声音激动得发抖。
  • The different notes of a stringed musical instrument are made by vibrating the strings.
    弦乐器的不同音调是通过使弦颤动而发出的。