(1) ①would/had sooner (than)等于would/had rather than,表示“宁可……也不(愿)……;(与其……)宁可……”,后接动词原形;接从句时,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。
- He would/had sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.
他宁可辞职也不愿参与这种不诚实的交易。 - Would you sooner I stayed here with you?
你宁愿我与你一起待在这儿吗? - He said he would/had sooner stay at home than go to the cinema.
他说他宁愿待在家里也不愿去看电影。
②这一句型有时可以变化,用sooner than将否定部分提至句首。
- Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a waitress.
她宁可做女服务员维持生活也不愿嫁给那人。
③有时,than后的否定部分省去不用,其意思可从上下文理解出来。
- I'd sooner stay at home. (I'd sooner not go.)
我宁愿待在家里。
(2) ①would/had rather (than)意为“与其……宁愿,不如……; 宁可……也不”,与would/had sooner than在意思上和用法上一致。would rather than比had rather than常用。would rather后接从句时,that通常省去,从句中动词用虚拟语气(主句为现在、将来时,从句用过去时;主句为过去时,从句则用过去完成时)。
- I would rather you said nothing about it for the present.
我宁愿你现在对此事不发表任何言论。 - Which would you rather have, coffee or tea?
你想喝点什么,咖啡还是茶? - I'd very much rather not go with them.
我非常不愿与他们一道去。 - We ourselves would/had rather have started a month ago, but we didn't start till the day before yesterday.
我们自己宁愿一个月前开始干,但直至前天才开始动手。
②有时可用rather than 将否定部分提至句首。
- Rather than get money in that dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.
他宁愿沿街乞讨也不愿用那种不诚实的途径挣钱。 - I would rather not part with them than sell them to someone who does not like them.
我宁愿不卖它们也不愿将它们卖给并不喜欢它们的人。
③than还可连接两个宾语、两个介词短语或两个副词,也可将其中一个省略。
- I'd rather have the red one (than the green one).
我宁愿要这个红的(也不愿要这个绿的)。 - I'd much rather go by bus (than by boat).
我宁愿坐公共汽车去(也不愿乘船前去)。 - We' d rather you did it now (than afterwards).
我宁愿你现在就做这件事(而不是以后)。
(3) would/had (just) as soon...(as)大部分语法家认为是“与其……不如;宁可……也不”的意思。张道真在《现代英语用法词典》中也认为“would/had (just) as soon”表示“宁愿”。但《牛津高级英语辞典》 却认为是“同样愿意,无轻重之分”。而《牛津当代英语成语词典》又认为是“同样愿意,或者是更愿意”。究竟怎样理解好,最好视说话人的语气或上下文而定。
- I'll tell you this — I would as soon cook for people as make beds.
我告诉你吧——我宁可给人做饭,也不愿收拾床铺。 - I would (just) as soon stay here (as go for a walk).
我待在这里也好,出去散步也好。 - I myself would as soon do it right now as later.
就我本人而言,与其以后做这事,不如现在就做。
(4) ①would/had/might better意为“最好……”,这几个用法中,以had better较常用。
- It's getting dark. I had better take my departure.
天黑了,我得赶快离开了。 - You had/would/might better go and see the doctor.
你最好去看看医生。
②had better的否定式是had better not do,否定疑问句则用had I not better...,hadn't I better...?
- I' d better not go for the present.
目前我最好还是不走。 - Hadn't you better begin at once?
难道你不是最好马上开始吗?
③had better的过去式表示的是虚拟的意思(失望或未做到的事),故要用have+过去分词。
- I had better have stayed a little longer. (假使)
我再多待一会儿就好了。 - You had better have done that.
你要是已经做了那件事就好了。
④better 有时放在had 之前加以强调。
- A: I promise I will pay you back.
我保证将偿还你。
B: You better had .
你最好如此。
⑤在口语中,尤其在美式口语中,常用better代替had better。
- We better begin today.
我们最好今天开始。
(5) had best 是had better 的加强语,用法也与之相同。因有些俗语的味道,不大常用。
- You had best start at once.
你最好马上动身。
(6) would...as soon as not表示“很愿意,再乐意不过”。
- I'd go with you as soon as not .
我很乐意与你同去。