区别辨析 would/had sooner (than), would/had rather (than), would/had (just) as soon...(as), would/had /might better, had best 与 would as soon as not

 (1) ①would/had sooner (than)等于would/had rather than,表示“宁可……也不(愿)……;(与其……)宁可……”,后接动词原形;接从句时,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。

  • He would/had sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.
    他宁可辞职也不愿参与这种不诚实的交易。
  • Would you sooner I stayed here with you?
    你宁愿我与你一起待在这儿吗?
  • He said he would/had sooner stay at home than go to the cinema.
    他说他宁愿待在家里也不愿去看电影。

②这一句型有时可以变化,用sooner than将否定部分提至句首。

  • Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a waitress.
    她宁可做女服务员维持生活也不愿嫁给那人。

③有时,than后的否定部分省去不用,其意思可从上下文理解出来。

  • I'd sooner stay at home. (I'd sooner not go.)
    我宁愿待在家里。

 (2) ①would/had rather (than)意为“与其……宁愿,不如……; 宁可……也不”,与would/had sooner than在意思上和用法上一致。would rather than比had rather than常用。would rather后接从句时,that通常省去,从句中动词用虚拟语气(主句为现在、将来时,从句用过去时;主句为过去时,从句则用过去完成时)。

  • would rather you said nothing about it for the present.
    我宁愿你现在对此事不发表任何言论。
  • Which would you rather have, coffee or tea?
    你想喝点什么,咖啡还是茶?
  • I'd very much rather not go with them.
    我非常不愿与他们一道去。
  • We ourselves would/had rather have started a month ago, but we didn't start till the day before yesterday.
    我们自己宁愿一个月前开始干,但直至前天才开始动手。

②有时可用rather than 将否定部分提至句首。

  • Rather than get money in that dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.
    他宁愿沿街乞讨也不愿用那种不诚实的途径挣钱。
  • would rather not part with them than sell them to someone who does not like them.
    我宁愿不卖它们也不愿将它们卖给并不喜欢它们的人。

③than还可连接两个宾语、两个介词短语或两个副词,也可将其中一个省略。

  • I'd rather have the red one (than the green one).
    我宁愿要这个红的(也不愿要这个绿的)。
  • I'd much rather go by bus (than by boat).
    我宁愿坐公共汽车去(也不愿乘船前去)。
  • We' d rather you did it now (than afterwards).
    我宁愿你现在就做这件事(而不是以后)。

 (3) would/had (just) as soon...(as)大部分语法家认为是“与其……不如;宁可……也不”的意思。张道真在《现代英语用法词典》中也认为“would/had (just) as soon”表示“宁愿”。但《牛津高级英语辞典》 却认为是“同样愿意,无轻重之分”。而《牛津当代英语成语词典》又认为是“同样愿意,或者是更愿意”。究竟怎样理解好,最好视说话人的语气或上下文而定。

  • I'll tell you this — I would as soon cook for people as make beds.
    我告诉你吧——我宁可给人做饭,也不愿收拾床铺。
  • would (just) as soon stay here (as go for a walk).
    我待在这里也好,出去散步也好。
  • I myself would as soon do it right now as later.
    就我本人而言,与其以后做这事,不如现在就做。

 (4) ①would/had/might better意为“最好……”,这几个用法中,以had better较常用。

  • It's getting dark. I had better take my departure.
    天黑了,我得赶快离开了。
  • You had/would/might better go and see the doctor.
    你最好去看看医生。

②had better的否定式是had better not do,否定疑问句则用had I not better...,hadn't I better...?

  • I' d better not go for the present.
    目前我最好还是不走。
  • Hadn't you better begin at once?
    难道你不是最好马上开始吗?

③had better的过去式表示的是虚拟的意思(失望或未做到的事),故要用have+过去分词。

  • had better have stayed a little longer. (假使)
    我再多待一会儿就好了。
  • You had better have done that.
    你要是已经做了那件事就好了。

④better 有时放在had 之前加以强调。

  • A: I promise I will pay you back.
    我保证将偿还你。
    B: You better had .
    你最好如此。

⑤在口语中,尤其在美式口语中,常用better代替had better。

  • We better begin today.
    我们最好今天开始。

 (5) had best 是had better 的加强语,用法也与之相同。因有些俗语的味道,不大常用。

  • You had best start at once.
    你最好马上动身。

 (6) would...as soon as not表示“很愿意,再乐意不过”。

  • I'd go with you as soon as not .
    我很乐意与你同去。