(1) ①stop 和prevent与 sb./sth.+from (doing) sth.连用,表示“阻止(防止)……做某事”,意思较接近,常可以换用。但用stop可以表示使正在进行的动作停下来;用prevent表示“防止某事发生”,暗含“事先预防”的意味。
- How do you stop/prevent children from playing with matches?
你是怎样防止孩子们玩火柴的? - Don't let me stop you from your work.
不要让我阻止了你的工作。 - No one's stopping you from doing what you want.
没有人会阻止你去做你想做的事情。 - Go and stop the children from playing near the river.(不用prevent)
去阻止孩子们在河边玩耍。 - The awful weather prevented them from setting off as planned.
糟糕的天气使他们不能按原计划动身。 - Close the window to prevent the rain from coming in.
关上窗户别让雨水进来。 - How can we stop them from doing that kind of things?
我们怎样才能阻止他们做那类事情呢? - However, they were unreasonably stopped by the police from entering the lounge.
但他们受到警察无理阻挠,不让他们进入休息室。
②有时可用“stop/prevent +sb./sth. doing sth.”的形式。
- That's a best way to stop/prevent such a thing happening again.
那不失为防止这种事情再次发生的一个最好的办法。 - Oh, mother, do go out and stop father making an exhibition of himself in the street.
哦,妈妈,你快出去,别让爸爸在大街上出洋相了。
(2) ①prohibit sb. from doing sth.意为“禁止某人做某事”,是以“禁止”的方式阻止某事的发生。
- Why do park keepers always prohibit people from walking on the grass?
为什么公园管理人员总是禁止人们在草坪上散步? - In zoos, visitors are prohibited from feeding the animals.
在动物园里,禁止参观者给动物喂食。
②prohibit from 也表示“阻止,阻碍,妨碍”。
- He threw himself in front of the door and prohibited us from leaving.
他扑在门前阻止我们离开。 - His small size prohibited him from becoming a policeman.
他的矮小的身材使他不能成为一名警察。
(3) protect from/against意思是“保护……使不(受伤害等)”。其目的或作用是不让某事发生,以使被保护对象不受伤害,出发点是“保护”,与defend from/against 意思接近。
- The fence along the middle of the road is intended to protect vehicles from/against crashing into each other.
公路中央的栅栏是用来防止车辆相撞的。 - It is hopeless trying to protect your children from the harmful effects of television until the material improves.
除非电视内容得到改进,否则你想让孩子们不受电视的有害影响的努力是徒劳的。
(4) put a stop to意为“制止,使停止”,后面通常接表示行动的词(名词、动名词)。
- Go out and put a stop to their fighting.
出去制止他们打架。 - These pleasant adventures on the plane were suddenly put a stop to by the war.
这些在飞机上的愉快历险由于战争而突然终止了。
(5) restrain from是指通过努力或暴力“阻止,防止,抑制(人或动物)使不做(某事)”。
- The man lost his temper, and had to be restrained from violence by neighbors who held his arms.
那人发起了脾气,不得不由邻居们抓着他的胳膊来制止他动武。 - They built a fence to restrain local children from falling into the swimming pool.
他们建起了一道篱墙以防止当地儿童跌入游泳池内。 - It's difficult to restrain oneself from eating too much.
要控制住自己,不要吃得过量,这是困难的。
(6) shelter from原意是“遮挡风雨,使不受风雨等之害”。可以引申使用,与protect from意思接近。
- He tried to shelter his friend from knowing of the bad news, but he was too late.
他试图不让他的朋友知道这则坏消息,但为时已晚。 - We planted a lot of trees behind our house to shelter it from cold winds.
我们在房子后面种了许多树,以保护房屋不受寒风的侵袭。
(7) ①screen from, shade from, shield from, guard from以人为主语时,意为从保护、防护的目的出发使某事不发生,从而使被保护对象不受伤害,与shelter from, protect from 意思相近,常可换用。
- He tried to screen/shade/shield his friend from knowing of her father's death, but was too late as the news had already reached her.
他试图不让他的朋友知道她父亲去世的消息,但为时已晚,因为她已得知这一消息了。 - It is hopeless trying to screen/guard your children from the harmful effects of television, as they can always watch it at a friend's house.
你试图使孩子们免受电视的有害影响是徒劳的,因为他们总是能在朋友家里看电视。 - It's wrong to shield your friend from discovery by the police.
你想庇护你的朋友使其不被警察发现是错误的。
②以事物为主语时,表示由于其保护作用使某事不发生,从而使某人或某物得到保护。
- Take this medicine regularly; it will screen/shade/shield/protect/guard you from a return of the disease.
定期服此药,可防止该疾病的复发。
(8) hinder from意为阻止或妨碍某人做某事或阻止某事的发生。
- The stone wall along the side is intended to hinder the traffic from rushing into the deep valley.
路边的石墙是用来防止车辆冲进深谷之中的。 - Your endless talking hinders me from my work; please be quiet!
你没完没了的说话妨碍了我的工作;请安静一些! - I was hindered by the heavy traffic from getting here earlier.
交通阻塞使我不能早一点赶到这里。
(9) ①keep from与 hinder from, stop from 意思更接近些,是阻止或耽搁、妨碍某人、某物做某事。
- I really don't want to keep you from your work.
我的确不想妨碍你的工作。 - Don't let me keep you from going out.
别让我妨碍了你外出。 - How could I keep (myself ) from believing that she was changing her mind?
我怎样能不让自己相信她在改变主意呢?
②keep from 也可以表示“隐瞒,瞒住”。
- However bad the situation is, the facts should not be kept from the people who are most concerned — the public at large.
不管形势有多么糟糕,都不应对最与之相关的人们,即全体公众隐瞒事实。
③keep from还可以表示“不沾,避开”。
- I hope you will keep from doing anything rash.
我希望你会避免鲁莽行事。 - If he would only keep from bad company, he might yet do well.
如果他能避免结交坏朋友,他或许会有所作为。