(1) ①substance意为“物质”,指具体某一种类的物质。
- Water, ice and snow are not different substances ; they are the same substance in different forms.
水、冰和雪不是不同的物质,它们是同一物质的不同形式。 - Carbon is a substance found in many forms.
碳是一种以多种形式存在的物质。
②substance还作“基本内容,重要内容,实质,道理”解,用作不可数名词。
- Can you give me the substance of what he said at the meeting?
你能给我说说他在会上发言的基本内容吗? - There is not much substance in what he says.
他的讲话没有多少实质性内容。
(2) ①matter可作“物质”解,指与心、精神相对应的东西,通常用于哲学领域,也可指思想或表达的题材、书籍或演说等的内容。
- Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.
物质以三种形式存在:固体、液体和气体。 - The matter in your article is good but the style is deplorable.
你的文章内容很好,但形式却让人感到遗憾。
②matter也指“印刷、书写之物”。
- Would you please provide me with some reading matter ?
你能给我一些阅读材料吗?
③matter又作“情况,事情,问题”解。
- How can I do such a matter ?
我怎么能做这种事呢? - It was a matter of life and death for them.
对他们来说,这是个生死攸关的问题。
(3) ①material意为“材料,原料,资料,物资,物质”;作“物质,资料”解时,是不可数名词。
- The business of this company has slumped now as the price of raw materials has gone up.
因为原材料价格上涨,这个公司的生意现在很不景气。 - The material in the earth's crust is very old.
地壳的组成物质年代久远。 - The writer drew the material of his novels chiefly from his experiences in the countryside.
这位作家的小说主要取材于他在农村的经历。
②material还作“衣料,物品”解。
- My wife has bought some material to make a coat for me.
我妻子买了一些布料给我做件外套。 - Juliet asked me to put my writing materials in good order.
朱丽叶让我把我的文具放整齐。