区别辨析 unfriendly, unsociable, hostile, inimical, antagonistic, difficult, reserved, distant, cool, cold 与 aloof

 (1) unfriendly指“不友好,不友善的”。

  • I don't quite understand why you're so unfriendly towards/to Jack.(用to或towards,表示对某人不友好)
    我不明白你为什么对杰克这么不友好。
  • You would gain more respect if you were not so unfriendly with people.(用with,表示不跟某人交好)
    如果你不是对人们这么不友好的话,你将得到人们更多的尊重。

 (2) unsociable指“不好与人交往的,不好交际的,不友善的”。

  • She's been pretty unsociable since he went away.
    自从他离开以后,她变得非常不爱交际。

 (3) hostile意为“敌视的,有敌意的,强烈反对的”,还表示“敌方的,敌对的”。

  • The local people are hostile to outsiders.
    当地人对外地人怀有敌意。
  • They were hostile to reform.
    他们强烈反对改革。
  • The hostile troops fought for possession of the bridge.
    敌方军队为占领这座桥而战。
  • Any hostile action should be stopped at once as a first step to resume peace talks.
    作为恢复和平谈判的第一步,应立即停止任何敌对行动。

 (4) inimical指“不友善的,有害的”,与to连用,是正式用语。

  • These actions are inimical to the friendly relations between our two countries.
    这些行动不利于我们两国间的友好关系。

 (5) antagonistic意为“强烈反对的,敌对的,对立的,相反的”。

  • I really don't understand why he's always been antagonistic towards me.
    我实在是不明白他为什么总是对我充满敌意。
  • These people are antagonistic to change. They like things as they are.
    这些人强烈反对变革,他们喜欢保持现状。

 (6) difficult用于人时,可表示“不友好的,爱吵闹的,难对付的”。

  • She has always been a difficult child.
    她一直是一个难对付的孩子。
  • She was the most difficult customer the salesman had to deal with that day.
    她是这位推销员在那天必须应付的顾客中最难对付的一个。

 (7) reserved指“沉默寡言的,不苟言笑的,内向的,感情不外露的”。

  • She is rather a reserved girl. She doesn't make friends easily.
    她是一位相当内向的女孩,她不易交到朋友。
  • She has a reserved manner.
    她的态度含而不露。

 (8) distant可表示“冷淡的,疏远的”,有时也用remote。

  • He was very distant with/towards me after our argument.
    在我们争吵以后,他对我非常疏远。
  • She greeted him in a distant manner.
    她以一种冷淡的态度问候他。

 (9) cool也可作“冷淡”解,是比喻用法。

  • He treated her in rather a cool way. It upset her because he had been so friendly before.
    他以一种冷淡的方式待她,这使她甚为不安,因为以前他曾是那么友好。
  • They gave him a cool reception.
    他们冷淡地接待了他。

(10) cold也可作“冷淡”解,但比cool意味更强。

  • He gave us a cold greeting/reception.
    他冷淡地向我们打招呼/接待了我们。
  • His manner towards her became cold and distant.
    他对她的态度变得冷淡疏远起来。

(11) aloof用于人时可作“冷漠的,疏远的”解,这种冷漠常是出于天性。

  • I find him rather aloof .
    我发现他相当冷漠。
  • He has an aloof manner, but when you get to know him he's very nice.
    他态度冷漠,但一旦你了解了他,(就会知道)他是非常好的。

(拓展学习:小词详解 | aloof