(1) warn about/of意为“警告、告诫(某人);提醒注意(危险等);预示有”,warn可是及物动词,也可是不及物动词。
- The driver was warned of/about the thick mist and icy road.
司机被提醒注意浓雾和冰封的道路。 - Black clouds warned of the approaching storm.
黑压压的乌云预示着风暴即将来临。 - They warned him of the consequences of his action.
他们警告他注意他自己的行为后果。 - I warned her about eating too much fried food.
我警告她不要吃太多的油炸食物。
(2) warn against可表示“警告/告诫(某人)不要做(某事);告诫某人提防(某人或某物)”,warn可以是及物动词,也可是不及物动词,有时与warn about意思相近。
- Didn't I warn you against pickpockets/putting your money into that foolish plan?
难道我没警告你要小心扒手/不要把钱投入那项愚蠢的计划吗? - No one ever warned me against/about that man, and so I believed everything he told me.
没人警告我要提防那人,于是我相信了他说的一切。 - The driver was warned against speeding.
这位司机被警告不要超速行驶。
(3) ①warn off意为“警告某人离开(不要去)某处;告诫(某人)不要做(某事)”,常用被动语态。off可是介词,也可是副词。
- The children used to be allowed on the farm, but they've been warned off since one of them let the cows out.
孩子们以前被允许待在农场里,但自从其中一个孩子把牛放出来后,他们就被警告要离开农场。 - The farmer warned us off his fields.
那位农民警告我们离开他的田地。
②在体育运动中,意为“禁赛”。
- The rider was found guilty of giving the horse drugs and was warned off for a year.
这位骑手因给他的马服用药物而被判定有罪,并被禁赛一年。
(4) ①alert to意为“使(某人)警惕(戒备);警告(某人)提防……;使清醒认识”。
- The serious floods alerted us to the urgent need to deal comprehensively with these problems.
这次严重的洪灾使我们清醒地认识到全面治理这些问题的迫切性。 - The doctor alerted him to the danger of not getting enough sleep.
医生提醒他注意睡眠不足的危害。 - We must alert them to the need to properly handle these problems.
我们必须让他们认识到正确处理这些问题的必要性。
②有时用be on the alert的形式表示“警惕、注意”。
- Drivers must be on the alert for traffic signals.
司机必须注意交通信号。
(5) ①awake to指“开始认识到……;意识到……”,awake多为不及物动词。
- We must awake to the new challenges facing us.
我们必须意识到我们面临的新挑战。 - It's time you awoke to the fact that the competition is relentless.
你该认识到竞争是无情的这一事实了。
②awake有时也可作及物动词,awake to也可表示“使……明白”。
- We have at last awoken him to the fact that there's no easy way to success.
我们最终使他明白成功无捷径这一事实。
③awake又作形容词,因此awake to又可用be awake to代替。
- Plenty of opportunities will present themselves, if only you are awake to them. 许多机遇会自然出现的,只要你能清醒地意识到它们。
- A pilot must be awake to changes in the weather.
一位飞行员必须清醒地知道天气的变化。
(6) ①awaken to指“使……认识”,awaken为及物动词。
- During the 1930's, Churchill tried to awaken the British people to the need for rearmament. 20世纪30年代,丘吉尔努力让英国人民认识到重整军备的必要性。
- We must awaken the people to the grave situation we'll have to cope with.
我们必须使人民认识到我们将必须应对的严重形势。
②awaken有时用作不及物动词,awaken to可表示“认识……”。
- We must awaken to the new challenges that are confronting us.
我们必须意识到我们面临的新挑战。
(7) wake to意为“(使)认识到(危险、必要性、事实、可能性等)”,wake后可带宾语,也可不带。
- His narrow escape woke him to the dangers of driving too fast in fog.
他的九死一生使他认识到在雾中开车过快的危险性。 - At last they woke (up) to the danger that confronted them.
最终他们认识到他们面临的危险。 - It's time you woke (up) to the fact that you are not working hard enough.
你该意识到你工作不够努力这一事实了。
(8) waken to指“使……认识到(危险、威胁等);使警惕……”,waken用作及物动词。
- We must waken the people to the various problems facing our country.
我们必须使人民认识到我们国家面临的各种问题。
(9) caution against意为“提醒……不要……;让……警惕(不要)……”。
- The teacher cautioned Tom against being late again.(或:The teacher cautioned Tom not to be late again.)
老师提醒汤姆不要再迟到了。 - The sign cautions people against swimming in this shark-haunted sea.
这块指示牌警告人们不要在这个鲨鱼出没的海域游泳。