[译] 损坏的心脏瓣膜可以用人造瓣膜来取代。
[误] Damaged valves in the heart can also be substituted by man-made one.

[正] Damaged valves in the heart can also be replaced by man-made one.
[注] substitute 有“（临时）取代”之意，其后跟介词 for, 例如：Mr Nelson substituted for the engineer who was in hospital. 纳尔逊先生代替那位住院的工程师。replace 意为“代替”、“取代”、“替换”，有以新代旧、以好代坏之意。如：Surgeons can replace the faulty joints with artificial ones made of metal or plastic. 外科医生可以用金属或塑料制成的关节代替损坏的关节。