中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议
Recommendations of the Central Committee of
the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for
National Economic and Social Development

（2025年10月23日中国共产党第二十届中央委员会第四次全体会议通过）
(Adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 23, 2025)

中国共产党第二十届中央委员会第四次全体会议深入分析国际国内形势，就制定国民经济和社会发展“十五五”规划提出以下建议。
The 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has laid out the following recommendations for formulating the 15th five-year plan for national economic and social development (2026–2030) at this fourth plenary session, based on an in-depth analysis of the international and domestic landscapes.

一、“十五五”时期是基本实现社会主义现代化的关键时期
I．The 15th Five-Year Plan Period as a Critical Stage for Basically Realizing Socialist Modernization

（1）“十四五”时期我国发展取得重大成就。“十四五”时期我国发展历程极不寻常、极不平凡。面对错综复杂的国际形势和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全党全国各族人民，迎难而上、砥砺前行，经受住世纪疫情严重冲击，有效应对一系列重大风险挑战，推动党和国家事业取得新的重大成就。经济运行稳中有进，高质量发展扎实推进；科技创新成果丰硕，新质生产力稳步发展；全面深化改革进一步推进，高水平对外开放不断扩大；全过程人民民主深入发展，全面依法治国有效实施；文化事业和文化产业蓬勃发展，精神文化产品丰富多彩；民生保障扎实稳固，脱贫攻坚成果巩固拓展；绿色低碳转型步伐加快，生态环境质量持续改善；国家安全能力有效提升，社会治理效能增强，社会大局保持稳定；国防和军队建设取得重大进展；“一国两制”实践深入推进；中国特色大国外交全面拓展；全面从严治党成效显著，反腐败斗争纵深推进，党的创造力、凝聚力、战斗力明显提高。我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力跃上新台阶，中国式现代化迈出新的坚实步伐，第二个百年奋斗目标新征程实现良好开局。这些重大成就的取得，根本在于以习近平同志为核心的党中央领航掌舵，在于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引。
1. China’s major development achievements in the 14th Five-Year Plan period

The 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) has covered a momentous and extraordinary period in China’s development. In the face of a complicated international landscape and the challenging domestic tasks of advancing reform, promoting development, and ensuring stability, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has united the entire Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups and led them in meeting difficulties head-on and forging ahead with determination. This has allowed us to withstand the severe shocks from the once-in-a-century Covid-19 pandemic, respond effectively to a raft of major risks and challenges, and secure significant new achievements in the cause of the Party and the country.

Over the past five years, we have maintained steady economic growth and made solid headway in pursuing high-quality development. We have seen fruitful advances in scientific and technological innovation and steady progress in fostering new quality productive forces. Reform has been further deepened across the board, and high-standard opening up has continuously expanded. We have made substantial progress in developing whole-process people’s democracy and advanced law-based governance on all fronts to good effect. Cultural programs and industries have flourished, and people have enjoyed a wide range of cultural and intellectual products. Support for the public wellbeing has been reinforced, and our achievements in poverty alleviation have been consolidated and expanded. As the green and low-carbon transition has picked up pace, the environment has continued to improve. We have increased our capacity to safeguard national security, enhanced social governance, and maintained overall social stability. Major headway has been made in strengthening national defense and military development. The policy of One Country, Two Systems has been further advanced in practice. Progress has been secured on all fronts of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. Impressive results have been achieved in the Party’s full and rigorous self-governance, and the fight against corruption has been stepped up. Our Party’s creativity, cohesion, and ability have all been markedly increased. With China reaching new heights in economic strength, scientific and technological ability, and composite national strength, we have made solid new strides in advancing Chinese modernization and gotten off to a good start on our new journey toward the Second Centenary Goal.

We owe all these remarkable achievements to the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, which has been at the helm charting the course, and to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, which has provided sound guidance to advance our cause.

（2）“十五五”时期在基本实现社会主义现代化进程中具有承前启后的重要地位。实现社会主义现代化是一个阶梯式递进、不断发展进步的历史过程，需要不懈努力、接续奋斗。“十五五”时期是基本实现社会主义现代化夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期，要巩固拓展优势、破除瓶颈制约、补强短板弱项，在激烈国际竞争中赢得战略主动，推动事关中国式现代化全局的战略任务取得重大突破，为基本实现社会主义现代化奠定更加坚实的基础。
2. The 15th Five-Year Plan period as a critical stage in building on past successes to break new ground for basically realizing socialist modernization

Socialist modernization can only be realized through a historical process of gradual and ongoing development. It requires the unremitting hard work of one generation after another. The period covered by the 15th Five-Year Plan will be critical in this process as we work to reinforce the foundations and push ahead on all fronts toward basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035.

In this period, we must consolidate and build on our strengths, remove development bottlenecks, and shore up areas of weakness. We must seize the strategic initiative amid intense international competition and secure major breakthroughs in strategic tasks of overall importance to Chinese modernization. This will put us on firmer foundations for basically realizing socialist modernization.

（3）“十五五”时期我国发展环境面临深刻复杂变化。大国关系牵动国际形势，国际形势演变深刻影响国内发展，我国发展处于战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期。从国际看，世界百年变局加速演进，国际力量对比深刻调整，新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速突破，我国具备主动运筹国际空间、塑造外部环境的诸多有利因素。同时，世界变乱交织、动荡加剧，地缘冲突易发多发；单边主义、保护主义抬头，霸权主义和强权政治威胁上升，国际经济贸易秩序遇到严峻挑战，世界经济增长动能不足；大国博弈更加复杂激烈。从国内看，我国经济基础稳、优势多、韧性强、潜能大，长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势没有变，中国特色社会主义制度优势、超大规模市场优势、完整产业体系优势、丰富人才资源优势更加彰显。同时，发展不平衡不充分问题仍然突出；有效需求不足，国内大循环存在卡点堵点；新旧动能转换任务艰巨；农业农村现代化相对滞后；就业和居民收入增长压力较大，民生保障存在短板弱项；人口结构变化给经济发展、社会治理等提出新课题；重点领域还有风险隐患。
3. Profound and intricate changes facing China’s development environment in the 15th Five-Year Plan period

Relations between major countries have an important bearing on the international landscape, the dynamics of which will in turn exert a profound impact on the domestic development of every country. China is in a period of development where strategic opportunities exist alongside risks and challenges and uncertainties and unforeseen factors are rising.

Internationally, momentous changes of a magnitude not seen in a century are unfolding across the world at a faster pace. A profound shift is taking place in the international balance of power, and breakthroughs are accelerating in the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation. All this has created positive factors enabling China to make proactive moves in the international arena and shape a favorable external environment. Meanwhile, the changes we see in the world are intertwined with disturbances, turmoil continues to mount, and geopolitical conflicts flare up all too easily and frequently. Unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise, and hegemonism and power politics pose greater threats. The international economic and trade order is facing grave challenges, and global economic growth lacks steam. Major-country rivalry is becoming more intricate and intense than ever.

Domestically, the Chinese economy has a solid foundation, advantages in many areas, strong resilience, and great potential. The conditions for and underlying trend of long-term growth remain unchanged. More and more, we are seeing the strengths of socialism with Chinese characteristics, China’s enormous market, its complete industrial system, and its abundant human resources all coming to the fore. However, development imbalances and inadequacies remain prominent. Effective demand is sluggish, and bottlenecks and obstacles are impeding economic flows. The task of transitioning to new growth drivers is formidable, and agricultural and rural modernization is lagging behind. There is considerable pressure weighing on employment and personal income growth, and gaps and weak links still exist in our work to ensure public wellbeing. Changes in China’s demographic structure pose new challenges for economic development and social governance, and risks and hidden dangers persist in some key areas.

变局蕴含机遇，挑战激发斗志。全党要深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，保持战略定力，增强必胜信心，积极识变应变求变，敢于斗争、善于斗争，勇于面对风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验，以历史主动精神克难关、战风险、迎挑战，集中力量办好自己的事，续写经济快速发展和社会长期稳定两大奇迹新篇章，奋力开创中国式现代化建设新局面。
Changes engender opportunities, and challenges bolster morale. All of us in the Party must acquire a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and of establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; become more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and uphold Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and uphold the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.

We must maintain strategic resolve and enhance our confidence of success. We must proactively identify, respond to, and steer changes, demonstrate the courage and competence to carry forward our struggle, and dare to brave high winds, choppy waters, and even dangerous storms. We must seize the historical initiative to overcome difficulties, combat risks, and confront challenges, and focus on managing our own affairs well. We will write yet another chapter on the miracles of rapid economic growth and long-term social stability and strive to open up new horizons for Chinese modernization.

二、“十五五”时期经济社会发展的指导方针和主要目标
II. Guiding Principles and Major Objectives for Economic and Social Development in the 15th Five-Year Plan Period

（4）“十五五”时期经济社会发展的指导思想。坚持马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观，全面贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，深入贯彻党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，围绕全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，统筹国内国际两个大局，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，坚持以经济建设为中心，以推动高质量发展为主题，以改革创新为根本动力，以满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要为根本目的，以全面从严治党为根本保障，推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长，推动人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕迈出坚实步伐，确保基本实现社会主义现代化取得决定性进展。
4. Guiding philosophy

We must stay committed to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development and fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must thoroughly apply the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee.

We must keep focused on realizing the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects and advancing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through Chinese modernization. We must ensure coordinated implementation of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy.[1] Keeping in mind both domestic and international imperatives, we must fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts, move faster to foster a new pattern of development, and adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability.

[1] The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan is to promote coordinated economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement. The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to build a modern socialist country, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance.

We will continue to pursue economic development as our central task, with high-quality development as our main focus, reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, meeting the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life as our fundamental goal, and full and rigorous Party self-governance as the fundamental underpinning for all our efforts.

We will promote higher-quality economic growth while achieving an appropriate increase in economic output and make solid headway in promoting well-rounded personal development and common prosperity for all. All of this will allow us to secure decisive progress toward basically realizing socialist modernization.

（5）“十五五”时期经济社会发展必须遵循的原则。
5. Core Principles

——坚持党的全面领导。坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，提高党把方向、谋大局、定政策、促改革能力，把党的领导贯穿经济社会发展各方面全过程，为我国社会主义现代化建设提供根本保证。
- Upholding the Party’s overall leadership

We must resolutely uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership and improve the Party’s ability to chart the course, make overall plans, design policies, and promote reform. We must uphold the Party’s leadership in all areas and at all stages of economic and social development, so as to fundamentally guarantee China’s socialist modernization drive.

——坚持人民至上。尊重人民主体地位，紧紧依靠人民，维护人民根本利益，促进社会公平正义，注重在发展中保障和改善民生，在满足民生需求中拓展发展空间，推动经济和社会协调发展、物质文明和精神文明相得益彰，让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。
- Putting the people first

The principal position of the people must be respected. We will rely closely on the people, protect their fundamental interests, and promote social fairness and justice. We will focus on ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing through development and open up greater space for development in the course of satisfying their needs. We will promote coordinated economic and social development, ensure that material progress and cultural-ethical progress reinforce each other, and see to it that the gains of modernization benefit all our people fairly.

——坚持高质量发展。以新发展理念引领发展，因地制宜发展新质生产力，做强国内大循环，畅通国内国际双循环，统筹扩大内需和深化供给侧结构性改革，加快培育新动能，促进经济结构优化升级，做优增量、盘活存量，推动经济持续健康发展和社会全面进步。
- Pursuing high-quality development

Our development will be guided by the new development philosophy. We should develop new quality productive forces in line with local conditions, strengthen the domestic economy, and promote unimpeded domestic and international economic flows. We will take coordinated steps to expand domestic demand and deepen supply-side structural reform, move faster to foster new drivers of growth, and improve and upgrade the economic structure. We will optimize the allocation of new resources while making best use of existing ones. This will help drive sustained, sound economic development and all-around social progress.

——坚持全面深化改革。聚焦制约高质量发展的体制机制障碍，推进深层次改革，扩大高水平开放，推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应，持续增强发展动力和社会活力。
- Comprehensively deepening reform

With a focus on removing institutional barriers that impede high-quality development, we must advance in-depth reform and expand high-standard opening up. We should work to better adapt the relations of production to the productive forces, the superstructure to the economic base, and national governance to social development and make sustained efforts to increase development momentum and boost the vitality of our society.

——坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合。充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，构建统一、开放、竞争、有序的市场体系，建设法治经济、信用经济，打造市场化法治化国际化一流营商环境，形成既“放得活”又“管得好”的经济秩序。
- Promoting both an efficient market and a well-functioning government

We should see that the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation and that the government better fulfills its role. We should establish a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, develop a credit-based economy under the rule of law, and foster a first-rate business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized. This will enable us to create an economic order defined by both market vitality and effective regulation.

——坚持统筹发展和安全。在发展中固安全，在安全中谋发展，强化底线思维，有效防范化解各类风险，增强经济和社会韧性，以新安全格局保障新发展格局。
- Ensuring both development and security

It is essential for us to consolidate security in the course of development and pursue development in a secure environment. We must better prepare ourselves for worst-case scenarios, effectively prevent and mitigate all kinds of risks, and enhance the resilience of our economy and society, so as to safeguard China’s new pattern of development with its new security architecture.

（6）“十五五”时期经济社会发展的主要目标。
6. Major objectives

——高质量发展取得显著成效。经济增长保持在合理区间，全要素生产率稳步提升，居民消费率明显提高，内需拉动经济增长主动力作用持续增强，经济增长潜力得到充分释放，全国统一大市场建设纵深推进，超大规模市场优势持续显现，新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化取得重大进展，发展新质生产力、构建新发展格局、建设现代化经济体系取得重大突破。
- Significant achievements in high-quality development

We should see that the economy keeps growing within an appropriate range, realize steady gains in total factor productivity, and achieve a notable increase in household consumption as a share of GDP. Domestic demand should play an increasingly greater role as the principal engine of economic growth, and the potential for growth should be fully unleashed. We should advance the development of a unified national market and see to it that the strengths of China’s enormous market continue to shine. We should secure significant progress in new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, while working toward major breakthroughs in developing new quality productive forces, fostering a new pattern of development, and building a modernized economy.

——科技自立自强水平大幅提高。国家创新体系整体效能显著提升，教育科技人才一体发展格局基本形成，基础研究和原始创新能力显著增强，重点领域关键核心技术快速突破，并跑领跑领域明显增多，科技创新和产业创新深度融合，创新驱动作用明显增强。
- Substantial improvements in scientific and technological self-reliance and strength

We should markedly boost the overall performance of China’s innovation system and establish a basic framework for the integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources. We should significantly strengthen our capacity for basic research and original innovation, achieve faster progress in securing breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, and see that China keeps pace or even leads the way in many more fields. Full integration should be achieved between technological and industrial innovation, and innovation should play a more prominent role in driving development.

——进一步全面深化改革取得新突破。国家治理体系和治理能力现代化深入推进，社会主义市场经济体制更加完善，高水平对外开放体制机制更加健全，全过程人民民主制度化、规范化、程序化水平进一步提高，社会主义法治国家建设达到更高水平。
- Fresh breakthroughs in further deepening reform comprehensively

Strides should be made in modernizing China’s system and capacity for governance. We should continue to improve the socialist market economy, the systems and mechanisms for high-standard opening up, and the institutions, standards, and procedures for whole-process people’s democracy, and move to a higher stage in building a socialist country under the rule of law.

——社会文明程度明显提升。文化自信更加坚定，主流思想舆论不断巩固壮大，社会主义核心价值观广泛践行，全民族文化创新创造活力不断激发，人民精神文化生活更加丰富，中华民族凝聚力和中华文化影响力显著增强，国家软实力持续提高。
- Notable cultural and ethical progress across society

We should inspire greater confidence in Chinese culture among our people. Mainstream thoughts and views should enjoy stronger and more extensive support, and the core socialist values should prevail throughout society. We should further unleash the vitality of the entire nation for cultural creation and innovation and enrich the intellectual and cultural lives of our people. There should be a substantial increase in the cohesion of the Chinese nation and the appeal of Chinese culture and a continued rise in China’s soft power.

——人民生活品质不断提高。高质量充分就业取得新进展，居民收入增长和经济增长同步、劳动报酬提高和劳动生产率提高同步，分配结构得到优化，中等收入群体持续扩大，社会保障制度更加优化更可持续，基本公共服务均等化水平明显提升。
- Further improvements in quality of life

We should make new headway in promoting high-quality full employment. Personal incomes should increase in step with economic growth, and remuneration should rise in tandem with labor productivity increases. The structure of income distribution should be optimized, with the middle-income group continuing to expand. The social security system should be refined and put on a more sustainable footing, and access to basic public services should be made much more equitable.

——美丽中国建设取得新的重大进展。绿色生产生活方式基本形成，碳达峰目标如期实现，清洁低碳安全高效的新型能源体系初步建成，主要污染物排放总量持续减少，生态系统多样性稳定性持续性不断提升。
- Major new strides in advancing the Beautiful China Initiative

Eco-friendly ways of work and life should become the norm in society, the goal of peaking carbon emissions before 2030 should be achieved as scheduled, and a new clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system should take shape. There should be a continued drop in the total discharge of major pollutants, and the diversity, stability, and sustainability of our ecosystems should be steadily enhanced.

——国家安全屏障更加巩固。国家安全体系和能力进一步加强，重点领域风险得到有效防范化解，社会治理和公共安全治理水平明显提高，建军一百年奋斗目标如期实现，更高水平平安中国建设扎实推进。
- Further advances in strengthening the national security shield

We should reinforce our system and capacity for safeguarding national security and effectively guard against and mitigate risks in key sectors. Noticeable improvements should be made in social governance and public safety governance. The centenary goals of the People’s Liberation Army should be fulfilled by 2027. Solid progress should be made in advancing the Peaceful China Initiative to a higher level.

在此基础上再奋斗五年，到二〇三五年实现我国经济实力、科技实力、国防实力、综合国力和国际影响力大幅跃升，人均国内生产总值达到中等发达国家水平，人民生活更加幸福美好，基本实现社会主义现代化。
Building on this, we will work hard for a further five years to see that by the year 2035 China’s economic strength, scientific and technological ability, national defense capabilities, composite national strength, and international influence will all become markedly stronger, China’s per capita GDP will be on a par with that of a mid-level developed country, our people will live better and happier lives, and socialist modernization will be basically realized.

三、建设现代化产业体系，巩固壮大实体经济根基
III. Building a Modernized Industrial System and Reinforcing the Foundations of the Real Economy

现代化产业体系是中国式现代化的物质技术基础。坚持把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上，坚持智能化、绿色化、融合化方向，加快建设制造强国、质量强国、航天强国、交通强国、网络强国，保持制造业合理比重，构建以先进制造业为骨干的现代化产业体系。
A modernized industrial system provides the material and technological foundations for Chinese modernization. We should keep our focus on the real economy, continue to pursue smart, green, and integrated development, and work faster to boost China’s strength in manufacturing, product quality, aerospace, transportation, and cyberspace. The share of manufacturing in the national economy should be kept at an appropriate level, and a modernized industrial system should be developed with advanced manufacturing as the backbone.

（7）优化提升传统产业。推动重点产业提质升级，巩固提升矿业、冶金、化工、轻工、纺织、机械、船舶、建筑等产业在全球产业分工中的地位和竞争力。提升产业链自主可控水平，强化产业基础再造和重大技术装备攻关，滚动实施制造业重点产业链高质量发展行动，发展先进制造业集群。推动技术改造升级，促进制造业数智化转型，发展智能制造、绿色制造、服务型制造，加快产业模式和企业组织形态变革。增强质量技术基础能力，强化标准引领、提升国际化水平，加强品牌建设。优化产业布局，促进重点产业在国内有序转移。
7. Upgrading traditional industries

We should upgrade key industries and consolidate and enhance the position and competitiveness of China’s industries such as mining, metallurgy, chemical industry, light industries, textiles, machinery, vessels, and construction in the global industrial division of labor. We should ensure that China’s industrial chains become more self-supporting and risk-resilient. We should advance industrial foundation reengineering and research on major technologies and equipment. We should promote rolling implementation of high-quality development initiatives for key industrial chains in the manufacturing sector and develop advanced manufacturing clusters.

We should promote technological transformation and upgrading to shift toward digital and intelligent development in the manufacturing sector, develop smart, green, and service-oriented manufacturing, and work faster to transform industrial models and enterprises’ organizational forms. We should reinforce national quality infrastructure, strengthen standard-based guidance and make it more internationalized, and step up brand building. We should improve the industrial layout and promote the orderly relocation of key industries within China.

（8）培育壮大新兴产业和未来产业。着力打造新兴支柱产业。实施产业创新工程，一体推进创新设施建设、技术研究开发、产品迭代升级，加快新能源、新材料、航空航天、低空经济等战略性新兴产业集群发展。完善产业生态，实施新技术新产品新场景大规模应用示范行动，加快新兴产业规模化发展。
8. Fostering emerging industries and industries of the future

We should redouble efforts to develop emerging pillar industries. We should launch industrial innovation projects and make integrated moves to construct innovation facilities, advance technological research and development (R&D), and promote product upgrading. We should accelerate the development of industrial clusters in strategic emerging fields such as new energy, new materials, aviation and aerospace, and the low-altitude economy. To improve the industrial ecosystem, we should carry out demonstration initiatives to extensively apply new technologies and products in new scenarios and scale up emerging industries at a faster pace.

前瞻布局未来产业，探索多元技术路线、典型应用场景、可行商业模式、市场监管规则，推动量子科技、生物制造、氢能和核聚变能、脑机接口、具身智能、第六代移动通信等成为新的经济增长点。创新监管方式，发展创业投资，建立未来产业投入增长和风险分担机制。促进中小企业专精特新发展，培育独角兽企业。
Forward-looking plans should be put in place for industries of the future. We need to explore diverse technology roadmaps, typical application scenarios, feasible business models, and market regulation rules and work to foster new drivers of economic growth such as quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen and nuclear fusion power, brain-computer interfaces, embodied artificial intelligence (AI), and 6G mobile communications. We should introduce new regulation methods, develop venture capital investment, and establish mechanisms to increase funding and share risks in future industries. We should promote the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that use specialized and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products. We should also nurture unicorn companies.

（9）促进服务业优质高效发展。实施服务业扩能提质行动，扩大服务业开放，深化监管改革，完善支持政策体系，扩大优质经营主体，分领域推进生产性服务业向专业化和价值链高端延伸，促进生活性服务业高品质、多样化、便利化发展。提高现代服务业与先进制造业、现代农业融合发展水平，推进服务业数智化。加强服务标准和质量品牌建设。健全服务业统计监测体系。
9. Promoting the high-quality, efficient development of the service sector

We should carry out capacity-expanding and quality-upgrading initiatives in the service sector, opening the sector wider, deepening regulatory reform, and refining support policies to create a broader range of quality market entities. We should steer producer services toward greater specialization and the higher end of the value chain on a sector-by-sector basis, while supporting the development of higher-quality, more diverse, and more accessible consumer services. We should promote the integration of modern services with advanced manufacturing and modern agriculture and advance the digital and intelligent transformation of the service sector. We should step up efforts to improve standards, enhance quality, and build brands, and refine the statistical and monitoring systems for the service sector.

（10）构建现代化基础设施体系。加强基础设施统筹规划，优化布局结构，促进集成融合，提升安全韧性和运营可持续性。适度超前建设新型基础设施，推进信息通信网络、全国一体化算力网、重大科技基础设施等建设和集约高效利用，推进传统基础设施更新和数智化改造。完善现代化综合交通运输体系，加强跨区域统筹布局、跨方式一体衔接，强化薄弱地区覆盖和通达保障。健全多元化、韧性强的国际运输通道体系。优化能源骨干通道布局，加力建设新型能源基础设施。加快建设现代化水网，增强洪涝灾害防御、水资源统筹调配、城乡供水保障能力。推进城市平急两用公共基础设施建设。
10. Developing a modernized infrastructure system

Infrastructure planning should be better coordinated to improve its layout and structure, drive integrated development, and ensure that infrastructure is safe, resilient, and sustainable. New types of infrastructure should be built with appropriate forward planning. Information and communication networks, the national integrated computing network, major science and technology infrastructure, and other key systems should be further developed and used intensively and efficiently. Traditional infrastructure should be upgraded and retrofitted with digital and intelligent technologies.

We should improve the modern integrated transportation system, strengthening cross-regional coordination and planning, promoting multimodal integration, and improving transportation links and services in remote areas. We should enhance the diversity and resilience of international transportation routes. In the energy sector, efforts should be made to optimize the layout of primary arteries and develop new types of infrastructure. We should accelerate the development of a modern water network and enhance our capacity to prevent floods, coordinate the allocation of water resources, and ensure water supply in both urban and rural areas. We should continue to develop dual-use public infrastructure that can accommodate emergency needs in the cities.

四、加快高水平科技自立自强，引领发展新质生产力
IV. Achieving Greater Self-Reliance and Strength in Science and Technology and Steering the Development of New Quality Productive Forces

中国式现代化要靠科技现代化作支撑。抓住新一轮科技革命和产业变革历史机遇，统筹教育强国、科技强国、人才强国建设，提升国家创新体系整体效能，全面增强自主创新能力，抢占科技发展制高点，不断催生新质生产力。
Chinese modernization must be underpinned by modernization in science and technology. We must seize the historic opportunity presented by the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation to boost China’s strength in education, science and technology, and human resources in a well-coordinated manner. We should enhance the overall performance of China’s innovation system, raise our innovation capacity across the board, achieve a leading position in scientific and technological development, and keep fostering new quality productive forces.

（11）加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关。完善新型举国体制，采取超常规措施，全链条推动集成电路、工业母机、高端仪器、基础软件、先进材料、生物制造等重点领域关键核心技术攻关取得决定性突破。突出国家战略需求，部署实施一批国家重大科技任务。加强基础研究战略性、前瞻性、体系化布局，提高基础研究投入比重，加大长期稳定支持。强化科学研究、技术开发原始创新导向，优化有利于原创性、颠覆性创新的环境，产出更多标志性原创成果。
11. Promoting advances in original innovation and breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields

We should improve the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide and adopt unconventional measures to drive decisive breakthroughs in core technologies across entire chains in key fields such as integrated circuits, industrial machine tools, high-end equipment, basic software, advanced materials, and biomanufacturing. A number of major national science and technology programs should be launched, with a focus on meeting our country’s strategic needs.

We should strengthen strategic, forward-looking, and systematic planning for basic research, direct a greater share of total R&D spending toward this field, and increase long-term, stable support. We need to place a stronger emphasis on original innovation in scientific research and technological development and create an optimal environment for original and disruptive innovation, in a bid to produce a larger number of original, landmark advances.

（12）推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合。统筹国家战略科技力量建设，增强体系化攻关能力。强化科技基础条件自主保障，统筹科技创新平台基地建设。完善区域创新体系，布局建设区域科技创新中心和产业科技创新高地，强化国际科技创新中心策源功能。加快重大科技成果高效转化应用，布局建设概念验证、中试验证平台，加大应用场景建设和开放力度，加强知识产权保护和运用。营造具有全球竞争力的开放创新生态。支持青年科技人才创新创业。加强科学技术普及，培育创新文化，弘扬科学家精神。加强科技法治、伦理、诚信、安全建设。
12. Promoting full integration between technological and industrial innovation

We should coordinate efforts to build up China’s strength in strategic science and technology and enhance our capacity for making systematic breakthroughs. We should strengthen self-sufficiency in scientific and technological infrastructure and take well-coordinated steps to develop innovation platforms and centers. We should improve regional innovation systems, develop regional technological innovation centers and industrial technological innovation hubs, and reinforce the role of international technological innovation centers as drivers of innovation.

We should see that major scientific and technological advances can enter practical application quickly and efficiently. To this end, we should build more proof-of-concept and pilot-scale testing platforms, work harder to develop application scenarios and make them more accessible, and strengthen the protection and application of intellectual property rights. We should create an open and globally competitive innovation ecosystem. Young scientists and engineers should receive support to pursue innovation or start their businesses. We should promote scientific and technological literacy among the public, foster a culture of innovation, and nurture dedication to science. In addition, we must work harder to uphold the rule of law, ethics, integrity, and security in the sphere of science and technology.

强化企业科技创新主体地位，推动创新资源向企业集聚，支持企业牵头组建创新联合体、更多承担国家科技攻关任务，鼓励企业加大基础研究投入，促进创新链产业链资金链人才链深度融合。培育壮大科技领军企业，支持高新技术企业和科技型中小企业发展，提高企业研发费用加计扣除比例。加大政府采购自主创新产品力度。
The principal role of enterprises in technological innovation should be reinforced. We should facilitate the flow of innovation resources toward enterprises, support them in spearheading the creation of innovation consortia and in playing a greater role in major national science and technology programs, and encourage them to make more investments in basic research. We should also promote full integration of chains of innovation with those of industry, capital, and talent.

We should nurture leading technology companies, support the development of new- and high-tech firms and sci-tech SMEs, and further raise the additional tax deductions for enterprises’ R&D expenses. We should increase government procurement of homegrown innovative products.

（13）一体推进教育科技人才发展。建立健全一体推进的协调机制，强化规划衔接、政策协同、资源统筹、评价联动，促进科技自主创新和人才自主培养良性互动，建设具有全球影响力的教育中心、科学中心、人才中心。围绕科技创新、产业发展和国家战略需求协同育人，优化高校布局、分类推进改革、统筹学科设置，深入推进“双一流”高校和国家交叉学科中心建设，强化科研机构、创新平台、企业、科技计划人才集聚培养功能，培育拔尖创新人才。加快建设国家战略人才力量，培养造就更多战略科学家、科技领军人才、卓越工程师、大国工匠、高技能人才等各类人才。加强人才协作，优化人才结构，促进人才区域协调发展。以创新能力、质量、实效、贡献为评价导向，深化项目评审、机构评估、人才评价、收入分配改革，畅通高校、科研院所、企业人才交流通道，激发创新创造动力活力。深化国际交流合作，建立高技术人才移民制度，引育世界优秀人才。
13. Pursuing the integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources

We need to institute sound mechanisms for advancing integration on this front, promoting greater coordination across development plans, policies, resources, and evaluations. We should foster positive interplay between indigenous technological innovation and the training of homegrown talent and develop globally influential centers for education, science, and talent.

Orienting talent cultivation toward technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs, we should optimize the layout of higher education institutions, advance reforms on a categorized basis, and coordinate the establishment of disciplines. We should continue to develop world-class universities and academic disciplines and national centers for interdisciplinary subjects, while better leveraging the role of research institutes, innovation platforms, enterprises, and science and technology programs in pooling and nurturing talent. These endeavors will enable us to cultivate top-tier innovators.

We should move faster to build a contingent of personnel with expertise of strategic importance to our country and cultivate talent of all types, including science strategists, leading scientists, outstanding engineers, master craftspeople, and highly-skilled workers. We should increase personnel collaboration and optimize talent structures to ensure that human resources better meet regional development needs.

We should deepen reform of project reviews, institution assessments, talent evaluations, and income distribution to give greater weight to innovation capability, performance, outcomes, and contributions. We should open up channels for personnel flows between higher education institutions, research institutes, and enterprises to boost the dynamism and vitality for innovation and creation. We should deepen international exchanges and cooperation and establish an immigration system for highly-skilled personnel to attract and cultivate talent from around the world.

（14）深入推进数字中国建设。健全数据要素基础制度，建设开放共享安全的全国一体化数据市场，深化数据资源开发利用。促进实体经济和数字经济深度融合，实施工业互联网创新发展工程。加快人工智能等数智技术创新，突破基础理论和核心技术，强化算力、算法、数据等高效供给。全面实施“人工智能+”行动，以人工智能引领科研范式变革，加强人工智能同产业发展、文化建设、民生保障、社会治理相结合，抢占人工智能产业应用制高点，全方位赋能千行百业。加强人工智能治理，完善相关法律法规、政策制度、应用规范、伦理准则。完善监管，推动平台经济创新和健康发展。
14. Advancing the Digital China Initiative

We should refine our foundational systems for data as a factor of production, foster an integrated national data market characterized by openness, sharing, and security, and advance the development and utilization of data resources. We should promote full integration between the real economy and the digital economy and advance the project for the innovative development of the Industrial Internet. We should accelerate innovation in digital and intelligent technologies such as AI, make breakthroughs in basic theories and core technologies, and ensure more efficient supply of computing power, algorithms, and data.

The AI Plus Initiative should be advanced across the board. We should steer the transformation of scientific research paradigms with AI, apply AI tools in industrial development, cultural advancement, public wellbeing initiatives, and social governance, and strive to gain the edge in AI industrial application. All these efforts will facilitate AI empowerment in all sectors on all fronts. We must also strengthen governance over AI and refine relevant laws, regulations, policies, systems, application standards, and ethical codes. We should conduct sound regulation of the platform economy to promote its innovative and healthy development.

五、建设强大国内市场，加快构建新发展格局
V. Building a Robust Domestic Market and Fostering a New Pattern of Development

强大国内市场是中国式现代化的战略依托。坚持扩大内需这个战略基点，坚持惠民生和促消费、投资于物和投资于人紧密结合，以新需求引领新供给，以新供给创造新需求，促进消费和投资、供给和需求良性互动，增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性。
A strong domestic market provides strategic support for Chinese modernization. Guided by the strategy of expanding domestic demand, we should work toward improving living standards while increasing consumer spending and combine investment in physical assets with investment in human capital. We should see that new demand drives new supply, new supply helps create fresh demand, and positive interactions are fostered between consumption and investment and between supply and demand. All this will help enhance the dynamism and reliability of the domestic economy.

（15）大力提振消费。深入实施提振消费专项行动。统筹促就业、增收入、稳预期，合理提高公共服务支出占财政支出比重，增强居民消费能力。扩大优质消费品和服务供给。以放宽准入、业态融合为重点扩大服务消费，强化品牌引领、标准升级、新技术应用，推动商品消费扩容升级，打造一批带动面广、显示度高的消费新场景。培育国际消费中心城市，拓展入境消费。加大直达消费者的普惠政策力度，增加政府资金用于民生保障支出。完善促进消费制度机制，清理汽车、住房等消费不合理限制性措施，建立健全适应消费新业态新模式新场景的管理办法，落实带薪错峰休假。强化消费者权益保护。
15. Boosting consumption

Special initiatives should be advanced to boost consumption. To increase people’s spending power, we should make coordinated moves to boost employment, increase incomes, and keep expectations stable, and appropriately increase the share of fiscal expenditure that goes toward public services. The supply of high-quality consumer goods and services should be expanded. We should focus on easing market access and integrating various forms of business to boost consumption of services and work hard to build leading brands, raise standards, and apply new technologies to expand and upgrade goods consumption. We should also develop a batch of high-profile new consumption scenarios with broad appeal.

We should develop more cities into international consumption centers and expand inbound consumption. Inclusive policies that directly benefit consumers should be strengthened, and the government should spend more on public wellbeing. We should refine the systems and mechanisms designed to drive consumption, abolish unreasonable restrictions on the purchase of motor vehicles and housing, and adopt management measures suitable for new forms, models, and scenarios of consumer spending. We should stagger paid leave. Consumer rights and interests should be better protected.

（16）扩大有效投资。保持投资合理增长，提高投资效益。优化政府投资结构，提高民生类政府投资比重，高质量推进国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力项目建设。适应人口结构变化和流动趋势，完善基础设施和公共服务设施布局，加强人力资源开发和人的全面发展投资。统筹用好各类政府投资，在工作基础较好的地方探索编制全口径政府投资计划。加强政府投资全过程管理。深化投资审批制度改革，进一步明确中央和地方投资方向和重点。加强谋划论证，实施一批重大标志性工程项目。完善民营企业参与重大项目建设长效机制，发挥政府投资基金引导带动作用，激发民间投资活力、提高民间投资比重，增强市场主导的有效投资增长动力。
16. Expanding effective investment

We should maintain appropriate growth in investment and raise the returns it delivers. The structure of government investment should be optimized in order to allocate a larger portion to public wellbeing initiatives and ensure the high-quality development of programs for advancing major national strategies and bolstering security capacity in key areas. To respond to structural demographic shifts and population movement trends, we should improve the layouts of infrastructure and public service facilities and boost investment in human resources development and well-rounded personal development.

We should coordinate the use of all types of government investment funds and take explorative steps to formulate overall government investment plans in areas with the initial groundwork in place. The entire process of government investment should be better managed. We should advance the reform of the investment review and approval system and further clarify the directions and priorities of central and local government investment. We should launch a new batch of major landmark projects on the basis of proper planning and deliberation. We should improve the long-term mechanisms for facilitating the participation of private enterprises in major projects and better leverage the guiding role of government investment funds, so as to spur private investment, increase its overall share, and boost growth momentum for market-driven effective investment.

（17）坚决破除阻碍全国统一大市场建设卡点堵点。统一市场基础制度规则，完善产权保护、市场准入、信息披露、社会信用、兼并重组、市场退出等制度，消除要素获取、资质认定、招标投标、政府采购等方面壁垒，规范地方政府经济促进行为，破除地方保护和市场分割。综合整治“内卷式”竞争。统一市场监管执法，加强质量监管，完善行政裁量权基准制度，强化反垄断和反不正当竞争执法司法，形成优质优价、良性竞争的市场秩序。健全一体衔接的流通规则和标准，高标准联通市场设施，降低全社会物流成本。完善有利于统一大市场建设的统计、财税、考核制度，优化企业总部和分支机构、生产地和消费地利益分享。
17. Eliminating bottlenecks and obstacles hindering the development of a unified national market

We must ensure that the underlying institutions and rules of the market are unified across the nation. We should refine the systems for property rights protection, market access, information disclosure, social credit, mergers and reorganizations, and market exit and remove barriers related to production factor access, qualification accreditation, public bidding, and government procurement. We should regulate the economic promotion activities of local governments, eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation, and address rat race competition through holistic measures.

We should ensure unified law enforcement in market regulation, strengthen quality supervision, refine the standards on administrative discretion, and enhance law enforcement and judicial administration efforts to tackle monopolies and unfair competition. Our aim is to create a market order where good quality commands good prices and healthy competition prevails.

We should establish well-aligned distribution rules and standards and pursue higher standards in enhancing market facility connectivity to cut logistics costs throughout society. We should improve the statistical, fiscal, tax, and evaluation systems to facilitate the development of a unified market and work toward optimized profit sharing between corporate headquarters and branches and between places of production and consumption.

六、加快构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，增强高质量发展动力
VI. Developing a High-Standard Socialist Market Economy and Boosting the Momentum for High-Quality Development

高水平社会主义市场经济体制是中国式现代化的重要保障。坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，更好发挥经济体制改革牵引作用，完善宏观经济治理体系，确保高质量发展行稳致远。
A high-standard socialist market economy serves as an important guarantee for Chinese modernization. We should uphold and improve China’s basic socialist economic systems, better leverage the leading role of economic structural reform, and improve the macroeconomic governance system to ensure steady and sustained progress in high-quality development.

（18）充分激发各类经营主体活力。坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”，促进各种所有制经济优势互补、共同发展。深化国资国企改革，做强做优做大国有企业和国有资本，推进国有经济布局优化和结构调整，增强国有企业核心功能、提升核心竞争力。落实民营经济促进法，从法律和制度上保障平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、有效保护合法权益，发展壮大民营经济。支持中小企业和个体工商户发展，推动大中小企业协同融通发展。强化产权执法司法保护，加强对查封、扣押、冻结等强制措施的司法监督。完善中国特色现代企业制度，弘扬企业家精神，加快建设更多世界一流企业。
18. Stimulating the vitality of all market entities

We must uphold and fulfill our commitments to both the public and the nonpublic sectors  and see that economic entities under diverse forms of ownership complement each other and develop side by side. Reform of state capital and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) should be deepened. To help state capital and SOEs get stronger, perform better, and grow bigger, we should refine the layout of the state-owned sector, adjust its structure, and enhance the core functions and competitiveness of SOEs.

Acting in line with the Private Sector Promotion Law, we should leverage legal and institutional safeguards to see that all economic entities have equal access to factors of production and compete in the market on a level playing field and that their lawful rights and interests are effectively protected. All this will help the private sector grow bigger and stronger. We should support the development of SMEs and self-employed individuals and promote integrated and collaborative development of enterprises of all sizes.

We should strengthen law enforcement and judicial administration to protect property rights and tighten judicial oversight over coercive measures such as the sealing, sequestering, and freezing of assets. We should refine the modern corporate system with distinctive Chinese features and promote entrepreneurial spirit to foster a greater number of world-class enterprises at a faster pace.

（19）加快完善要素市场化配置体制机制。促进各类要素资源高效配置，建立健全城乡统一的建设用地市场、功能完善的资本市场、流动顺畅的劳动力市场、转化高效的技术市场。编制宏观资产负债表，全面摸清存量资源资产底数，优化资产负债结构。完善并购、破产、置换等政策，盘活用好低效用地、闲置房产、存量基础设施。完善工商业用地使用权续期法律法规，依法稳妥推进续期工作。推进全国行政事业单位存量国有资产盘活共享。推动司法判决执行与破产制度有机衔接，依法有效盘活被查封冻结财产。
19. Moving faster to improve the institutions and mechanisms for market-based allocation of production factors

To promote the efficient allocation of all types of resources and production factors, we should develop a robust unified market for urban and rural construction land, a fully functional capital market, a free-flowing labor market, and a technology market that facilitates efficient industrial application. A national macro balance sheet should be established to give us a full picture of existing resources and assets and help us improve asset-liability ratios. Merger and acquisition, bankruptcy, and replacement policies should be improved to help put underused land, vacant housing, and idle infrastructure to better use.

We should refine the laws and regulations for renewing the rights to use land for industrial and commercial purposes and prudently proceed with relevant work in accordance with the law. The idle state-owned assets held by administrative departments and public institutions nationwide should be put to good use and open for sharing. The enforcement of judicial rulings should be better aligned with the bankruptcy system so that seized and frozen assets will be used effectively in accordance with the law.

（20）提升宏观经济治理效能。强化国家发展规划战略导向作用，加强财政、货币政策协同，发挥好产业、价格、就业、消费、投资、贸易、区域、环保、监管等政策作用，促进形成更多由内需主导、消费拉动、内生增长的经济发展模式。强化逆周期和跨周期调节，实施更加积极的宏观政策，持续稳增长、稳就业、稳预期。增强宏观政策取向一致性，强化政策实施效果评价，健全预期管理机制，优化高质量发展综合绩效考核。
20. Making macroeconomic governance more effective

We should strengthen the strategic guidance of national development plans, enhance coordination between fiscal and monetary policies, and leverage the roles of industrial, price, employment, consumption, investment, trade, regional, environmental protection, and regulation policies to create more models of economic growth that is led by domestic demand, driven by consumption, and sustained by self-generating momentum. We should bolster counter- and cross-cyclical adjustments and implement more proactive macro policies to keep growth, employment, and expectations stable. We should make macro policy orientations more consistent, strengthen evaluations of policy outcomes, refine expectations management mechanisms, and optimize comprehensive performance evaluations of high-quality development.

发挥积极财政政策作用，增强财政可持续性。加强财政科学管理，加强财政资源和预算统筹，强化国家重大战略任务和基本民生财力保障。深化零基预算改革，统一预算分配权，优化财政支出结构，加强预算绩效管理。完善地方税、直接税体系，健全经营所得、资本所得、财产所得税收政策，规范税收优惠政策，保持合理的宏观税负水平。适当加强中央事权、提高中央财政支出比重。增加地方自主财力。加强财会监督。加快构建同高质量发展相适应的政府债务管理长效机制。
The role of proactive fiscal policy should be leveraged to improve fiscal sustainability. We should promote sound fiscal management and better coordinate fiscal resources and budgets to provide greater financial support for major national strategic tasks and basic public wellbeing initiatives. We should advance zero-based budgeting reform, unify budget allocation powers, optimize spending structures, and tighten performance-based budget management.

We should improve the local tax system and the direct tax system, refine taxation policies on income generated from business operations, capital, and property, and place tax break policies under better regulation. The overall tax burden should be kept at an appropriate level. The central government should hold more fiscal powers as appropriate and accordingly raise the proportion of its expenditure. More fiscal resources should be placed at the disposal of local governments. Oversight on accounting should be enhanced. Expedited efforts should be made to establish long-term mechanisms for government debt management that meet the needs of high-quality development.

加快建设金融强国。完善中央银行制度，构建科学稳健的货币政策体系和覆盖全面的宏观审慎管理体系，畅通货币政策传导机制。大力发展科技金融、绿色金融、普惠金融、养老金融、数字金融。提高资本市场制度包容性、适应性，健全投资和融资相协调的资本市场功能。积极发展股权、债券等直接融资，稳步发展期货、衍生品和资产证券化。优化金融机构体系，推动各类金融机构专注主业、完善治理、错位发展。建设安全高效的金融基础设施。稳步发展数字人民币。加快建设上海国际金融中心。全面加强金融监管，强化央地监管协同，丰富风险处置资源和手段，构建风险防范化解体系，保障金融稳健运行。
We should work faster to boost China’s strength in finance. We should refine the central bank system, establish a well-conceived, prudent monetary policy system and a far-ranging macro-prudential regulation system, and improve the monetary policy transmission mechanism. We should step up efforts to develop technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance. We should make the capital market more institutionally inclusive and adaptable and better balance its investment and financing functions. We should actively develop direct financing such as equity and bonds and promote steady development of futures, derivatives, and asset securitization.

We should improve the system of financial institutions and encourage institutions of all types to focus on their core business, improve their governance, and pursue distinctive development paths. Secure and efficient financial infrastructure should be put in place, and the digital Renminbi (RMB) should be steadily developed. We should move faster to build Shanghai into an international financial center. We should tighten up financial regulation across the board, with the central and local governments working in closer collaboration. We should draw on a full range of resources and means to address risks and develop the system for preventing and defusing risks, so as to ensure stable operations in the financial sector.

七、扩大高水平对外开放，开创合作共赢新局面
VII. Promoting High-Standard Opening Up and Creating New Horizons for Mutually Beneficial Cooperation

坚持开放合作、互利共赢是中国式现代化的必然要求。稳步扩大制度型开放，维护多边贸易体制，拓展国际循环，以开放促改革促发展，与世界各国共享机遇、共同发展。
Opening up and cooperation for mutual benefit are integral to Chinese modernization. We must continue to expand opening up at the institutional level, safeguard the multilateral trading system, and promote broader international economic flows. We should draw momentum from opening up to propel reform and development, and share opportunities with the rest of the world and promote common development.

（21）积极扩大自主开放。对接国际高标准经贸规则，以服务业为重点扩大市场准入和开放领域，扩大单边开放领域和区域。加快推进区域和双边贸易投资协定进程，扩大高标准自由贸易区网络。优化区域开放布局，打造形态多样的开放高地。实施自由贸易试验区提升战略，高标准建设海南自由贸易港。统筹布局建设科技创新、服务贸易、产业发展等重大开放合作平台。推进人民币国际化，提升资本项目开放水平，建设自主可控的人民币跨境支付体系。推进全球经济金融治理改革，推动构建和维护公平公正、开放包容、合作共赢的国际经济秩序。
21. Opening China wider to the outside world

We should promote alignment with high-standard international economic and trade rules, expand market access and open up more areas, in particular in the service sector, and unilaterally open up more sectors to more regions. We should work faster to facilitate regional and bilateral trade and investment agreements, and expand our network of high-standard free trade areas.

We should optimize the regional planning for opening up and cultivate a diverse array of pacesetters in this regard. We should implement the strategy of upgrading pilot free trade zones and develop the Hainan Free Trade Port to high standards. Well-coordinated moves should be made to build major platforms for opening up and cooperation in areas such as technological innovation, trade in services, and industrial development.

We should advance the internationalization of the RMB, pursue greater openness of RMB capital accounts, and build a homegrown, risk-controllable cross-border RMB payment system. We should promote reform in global economic and financial governance and work toward establishing and preserving an international economic order based on fairness, justice, openness, inclusiveness, and mutually beneficial cooperation.

（22）推动贸易创新发展。促进外贸提质增效，加快建设贸易强国。推动市场多元化和内外贸一体化，优化升级货物贸易，拓展中间品贸易、绿色贸易，推动进出口平衡发展。大力发展服务贸易，鼓励服务出口，完善跨境服务贸易负面清单管理制度，提升服务贸易标准化水平。创新发展数字贸易，有序扩大数字领域开放。提升贸易促进平台功能，支持跨境电商等新业态新模式发展。完善出口管制和安全审查机制。
22. Promoting the innovative development of trade

We should enhance both quality and performance in foreign trade and work faster to turn China into a strong trading nation. We need to promote market diversification and the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade. We should optimize and upgrade trade in goods, expand green trade and trade in intermediate goods, and pursue balanced development of imports and exports.

We should boost the development of trade in services by encouraging exports, refining the negative list-based management system for cross-border trade, and improving standards. In the domain of digital trade, we should pursue innovative development and take well-ordered steps to expand opening up. We should enhance the functions of trade promotion platforms and support the development of new forms and models of business such as cross-border e-commerce. Mechanisms for export control and security review should be improved.

（23）拓展双向投资合作空间。塑造吸引外资新优势，落实好“准入又准营”，缩减外资准入负面清单，促进外资境内再投资。健全外商投资服务保障体系，全面落实国民待遇，推进数据高效便利安全跨境流动，营造透明稳定可预期的制度环境。有效实施对外投资管理，健全海外综合服务体系，促进贸易投资一体化，引导产业链供应链合理有序跨境布局。
23. Expanding two-way investment cooperation

We should foster new strengths in attracting foreign investment, ensuring both easy market access and accommodating business environments for foreign investors, shortening the negative list for foreign investment, and facilitating reinvestments made by foreign-funded enterprises in our country. We should improve the system of services and support for foreign investors, fully implement national treatment for foreign-funded firms, ensure efficient, convenient, and safe cross-border data flows, and create an institutional environment that is transparent, stable, and predictable.

We should effectively manage outbound investment, improve comprehensive overseas services, and promote the integrated development of trade and investment. We should guide the overseas distribution of industrial and supply chains in a rational, orderly manner.

（24）高质量共建“一带一路”。加强与共建国家战略对接，强化合作规划统筹管理。深化基础设施“硬联通”、规则标准“软联通”、同共建国家人民“心联通”，完善立体互联互通网络布局，统筹推进重大标志性工程和“小而美”民生项目建设。提升中欧（亚）班列发展水平。加快西部陆海新通道建设。深化贸易、投资、产业、人文务实合作，拓展绿色发展、人工智能、数字经济、卫生健康、旅游、农业等领域合作新空间。完善多元化、可持续、风险可控的投融资体系。加强海外利益保护。
24. Pursuing high-quality Belt and Road cooperation

We should strengthen strategic alignment with Belt and Road partner countries and better coordinate and manage cooperation programs. We should enhance connectivity in terms of both infrastructure and rules and standards and foster closer bonds with the people in these countries. We need to refine the multidimensional network connecting partner countries and advance both major signature projects and “small and beautiful” public wellbeing projects. Rail freight transportation between China and Europe and between China and other parts of Asia should be improved, and construction on the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor should pick up speed.

We should deepen practical cooperation in the areas of trade, investment, industrial development, and people-to-people exchanges and launch new cooperation initiatives across fields such as green development, AI, the digital economy, health, tourism, and agriculture. We should improve the investment and financing systems to make them more diversified, sustainable, and risk-resilient. Our overseas interests should also be better protected.

八、加快农业农村现代化，扎实推进乡村全面振兴
VIII. Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization and Advancing All-Around Rural Revitalization

农业农村现代化关系中国式现代化全局和成色。坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重，促进城乡融合发展，持续巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果，推动农村基本具备现代生活条件，加快建设农业强国。
Agricultural and rural modernization has a major bearing on Chinese modernization as a whole and the outcomes it delivers. We must give top priority to the issues related to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents. We need to promote integrated urban-rural development, continue to consolidate and expand our achievements in poverty alleviation, basically ensure modern living conditions in rural areas, and secure faster progress in building up China’s strength in agriculture.

（25）提升农业综合生产能力和质量效益。坚持产量产能、生产生态、增产增收一起抓，统筹发展科技农业、绿色农业、质量农业、品牌农业，把农业建成现代化大产业。加力实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动，增强粮食等重要农产品供给保障能力。严守耕地红线，严格占补平衡管理，统筹农用地布局优化。高质量推进高标准农田建设，加强黑土地保护和盐碱地综合利用，提升耕地质量。深入实施种业振兴行动，推进高端智能、丘陵山区适用农机装备研发应用，促进良田良种良机良法集成增效。坚持农林牧渔并举，发展现代设施农业，构建多元化食物供给体系。发展林下经济，壮大林草产业。稳定土地承包关系，稳步推进二轮承包到期后再延长三十年试点。发展农业适度规模经营，提高新型农业经营主体发展质量，完善便捷高效的农业社会化服务体系，促进小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接。
25. Enhancing the overall production capacity, quality, and performance of agriculture

We should emphasize both output and production capacity, both agricultural production and ecological conservation, and both output expansion and income growth and coordinate efforts to make agriculture more technology-driven, eco-friendly, quality-focused, and brand-oriented, thereby turning it into a modern pillar sector. We should step up efforts to advance a new round of initiatives for increasing grain production capacity by 50 million metric tons and improve our capacity for ensuring the supply of grain and other major agricultural products.

To ensure that the total area of China’s arable land stays above the specified redline, we must exercise strict management over the process of offsetting cultivated land that has been put to non-agricultural uses and improve the layout of agricultural land through a holistic approach. We should advance the high-quality development of high-standard cropland and strengthen the protection of black soil and the comprehensive use of saline and alkaline soils to improve the quality of our arable land.

We should press ahead with initiatives to invigorate the seed industry and drive the R&D and application of high-end, smart agricultural machinery and equipment suited to hilly and mountainous areas. We should enhance agricultural efficiency through a combination of high-quality land, superior seeds, advanced machinery, and effective methods. To foster a diversified food supply system, we should continue to advance farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries in tandem and develop modern protected agriculture. We should boost the development of the non-timber forest-based economy and the forestry and grassland sectors.

We should keep rural land contract relationships stable and make steady progress in trials on extending second-round rural land contracts by another 30 years upon their expiration. We should develop appropriately scaled agricultural operations, improve the quality of new types of agribusiness, make commercial services for agriculture more accessible and efficient, and encourage small rural households to become involved in modern agriculture.

（26）推进宜居宜业和美乡村建设。学习运用“千万工程”经验，因地制宜完善乡村建设实施机制，分类有序、片区化推进乡村振兴，逐步提高农村基础设施完备度、公共服务便利度、人居环境舒适度。统筹优化村镇布局，推动县域基础设施一体化规划建设管护。协同推进县域国土空间治理，稳步开展全域土地综合整治，持续整治提升农村人居环境，以钉钉子精神解决好农村改厕、垃圾围村等问题，加快补齐农村现代生活条件短板，创造乡村优质生活空间。发展各具特色的县域经济，开发农业多种功能，推动农村一二三产业深度融合，培育壮大乡村特色产业，完善联农带农机制，促进农民稳定增收。
26. Building a beautiful and harmonious countryside for people to live and work in

We should draw on the experience gained in the Green Rural Revival Program in Zhejiang Province, refine the mechanisms for countryside development based on local conditions, and adopt a zonal, category-based approach to systematically advancing rural revitalization. We should take well-ordered steps to put in place more complete infrastructure systems, make public services more accessible, and improve the living environment in rural areas. We should coordinate our work on improving the layouts of villages and towns and promote the integrated planning, construction, and maintenance of county infrastructure.

We should make coordinated efforts to advance territorial space governance at the county level and steadily carry out comprehensive county-wide land improvement initiatives. We should continue improving the rural living environment, devoting tenacious efforts to dealing with issues such as upgrading toilets and clearing up waste, and moving faster to address inadequacies in the provision of proper modern amenities, so as to create fine living spaces in rural areas.

We should develop county economies with unique features, explore multiple functions of agriculture, and promote greater integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors in rural areas. We should nurture distinctive rural industries and refine the mechanisms for involving more rural residents to help sustain rural income growth.

（27）提高强农惠农富农政策效能。健全财政优先保障、金融重点倾斜、社会积极参与的多元投入格局，确保乡村振兴投入力度不断增强。保护和调动农民务农种粮积极性，强化价格、补贴、保险等政策支持和协同。加大粮食主产区利益补偿力度，实施产销区省际横向利益补偿。加强粮食购销和储备管理。推进农产品进口多元化，促进贸易和生产相协调。推动城乡要素双向流动，激励各类人才下乡服务和创业就业。节约集约利用农村集体经营性建设用地，依法盘活用好闲置土地和房屋，分类保障乡村发展用地。支持发展新型农村集体经济。
27. Ensuring that policies aimed at strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers, and enriching rural areas deliver greater outcomes

We should improve the diversified investment framework based on priority fiscal support, preferential financial backing, and broad participation by non-governmental entities, all to ensure that investment in rural revitalization continues to rise. We should keep farmers motivated in growing grains or engaging in other agricultural activities by giving them stronger price, subsidy, and insurance support in a more coordinated way. We should increase compensation for major grain-producing areas and implement a cross-provincial mechanism for major grain-purchasing areas to compensate major grain-producing areas. We should enhance grain purchases and sales and better manage grain reserves.

The import of agricultural products should be further diversified, and trade and production should be better coordinated. We should promote the two-way flow of production factors between urban and rural areas and provide incentives for various types of personnel to offer services, start businesses, or seek employment in rural areas. We should promote the economical, efficient use of rural collective land designated for business-related construction, put idle land and vacant housing to good use in accordance with the law, and ensure the provision of rural development land across various categories. Support should be provided for the development of new rural collective economies.

统筹建立常态化防止返贫致贫机制，坚持精准帮扶，完善兜底式保障，强化开发式帮扶，增强内生动力，分层分类帮扶欠发达地区，健全乡村振兴重点帮扶县支持政策，确保不发生规模性返贫致贫。
We should make coordinated efforts to establish regular mechanisms for preventing rural residents from lapsing or relapsing into poverty. We should continue to provide well-targeted assistance, strengthen support to help those most in need, ramp up development-based assistance, and boost internal impetus for development. We should provide multi-tiered and categorized assistance for underdeveloped areas, enhance policies supporting key counties in need of assistance in achieving rural revitalization, and make every effort to guard against any large-scale lapse or relapse into poverty.

九、优化区域经济布局，促进区域协调发展
IX. Refining the Regional Economic Layout and Promoting Coordinated Regional Development

区域协调发展是中国式现代化的内在要求。发挥区域协调发展战略、区域重大战略、主体功能区战略、新型城镇化战略叠加效应，优化重大生产力布局，发挥重点区域增长极作用，构建优势互补、高质量发展的区域经济布局和国土空间体系。
Coordinated regional development is essential for Chinese modernization. We should give full play to the synergies between the coordinated regional development strategy, major regional strategies, the functional zoning strategy, and the new urbanization strategy, improve the distribution of major productive forces, and ensure that key regions play their role as growth poles. Our goal is to develop a regional economic layout and a territorial space system that enable regions to leverage their complementary strengths in pursuit of high-quality development.

（28）增强区域发展协调性。扎实推动西部大开发形成新格局、东北全面振兴取得新突破、中部地区加快崛起、东部地区加快推进现代化，促进东中西、南北方协调发展。巩固提升京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区高质量发展动力源作用。持续推进长江经济带发展、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。高标准高质量推进雄安新区建设现代化城市，提升成渝地区双城经济圈发展能级。鼓励各地发挥比较优势、各展所长，支持经济大省挑大梁，在推进中国式现代化中走在前作示范。加大差异化政策支持力度，促进革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区等振兴发展。
28. Promoting more coordinated regional development

We should take solid steps to open up a new vista in the large-scale development of the western region, achieve new breakthroughs in the full revitalization of the Northeast, accelerate the rise of the central region, and encourage the eastern region to modernize more quickly. We should promote more coordinated development between the eastern, central, and western regions and between the southern and northern regions.

We should consolidate and enhance the roles of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as engines of high-quality development. We should continue to advance the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt and ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. We should build Xiong’an New Area into a modern city through high-standard, high-quality development and boost the development capacity of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone.

We should encourage all regions to leverage their comparative advantages and distinctive strengths. We should support major provincial economies in assuming greater responsibility and encourage them to play a leading, exemplary role in advancing Chinese modernization. We should strengthen tailored policy support to promote the revitalization and development of old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, and border areas.

（29）促进区域联动发展。推进跨区域跨流域大通道建设，强化区域基础设施互联互通。加强重点城市群协调联动发展，促进区域创新链产业链高效协作。推动长江中游城市群等加快发展，培育发展若干区域性中心城市，更好发挥跨区域联结型地区支撑带动作用。深化跨行政区合作，健全区域间规划统筹、产业协作、利益共享等机制，拓展流域经济等模式。
29. Boosting interconnected development between regions

We should advance the construction of major corridors between regions and across river basins and strengthen regional infrastructure connectivity. We should push forward with the coordinated and interconnected development of key city clusters and promote more efficient regional collaboration in industrial and innovation chains.

We should accelerate the development of city clusters along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and in other areas, develop a number of major cities as regional centers, and give better play to the role of cross-regional areas in supporting and driving the development of surrounding regions. We should increase cooperation across administrative divisions, improve mechanisms to facilitate coordinated planning, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing between different regions, and develop new regional growth models such as the river basin economy.

（30）优化国土空间发展格局。强化主体功能区战略实施，保持城市化地区、农产品主产区、重点生态功能区格局总体稳定，细化明确特殊功能区，完善支持政策和考核评价机制。推动战略性产业、能源资源基地等布局优化。完善国土空间规划体系，落实优化耕地和永久基本农田、生态保护红线、城镇开发边界等控制线，分区分类实施差别化、精细化用途管制。赋予省级政府统筹建设用地更大自主权，探索实施建设用地总量按规划期管控模式，实行统筹存量和增量综合供地。
30. Improving the development of territorial spaces

We should intensify our efforts to implement the functional zoning strategy. We should keep the general layout encompassing urban zones, major agricultural production zones, and key ecosystem service zones stable, formulate detailed, specific plans for special functional zones, and refine relevant supporting policies and assessment and evaluation mechanisms. We should also work to optimize the layouts of strategic industries and energy and resource bases.

The territorial space planning system should be improved. We should enforce and refine arable land and permanent basic cropland redlines, ecological conservation redlines, and urban development boundaries, and implement differentiated and rigorous regulation on territorial space use in different regions and categories. Provincial-level governments should be given more power to manage land designated for construction purposes. We should explore an approach to keeping the total area of construction land within the limit set for each planning period and ensure the supply of land by taking stock of both existing and new land resources.

（31）深入推进以人为本的新型城镇化。科学有序推进农业转移人口市民化，推行由常住地登记户口提供基本公共服务制度。推进超大特大城市治理现代化，加快城市群一体化和都市圈同城化，优化城市规模结构，促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展、集约紧凑布局。分类推进以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设，提升产业支撑能力和公共服务水平。坚持城市内涵式发展，大力实施城市更新，建设创新、宜居、美丽、韧性、文明、智慧的现代化人民城市。扎实推进边境城镇建设。
31. Promoting people-centered new urbanization

We should take well-conceived, systematic measures to grant permanent urban residency to people who move to cities from rural areas and implement systems that allow people to obtain household registration and access basic public services in their place of permanent residence. We should modernize the governance of super-large and mega cities, accelerate integrated development in city clusters and in metropolitan areas, optimize the scale and spatial structures of cities, and work to ensure that cities of different sizes and small towns develop in coordination with each other to form efficient and closely knit layouts. We should adopt a categorized approach to advancing urbanization with a focus on county seats, with the aim of better supporting industrial development and improving public services. We should continue to tap the full potential of cities, make a strong push to advance urban renewal, and build people-centered modern cities that are innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, culturally rich, and smart. Concrete steps should also be taken to promote the development of cities and towns in border regions.

（32）加强海洋开发利用保护。坚持陆海统筹，提高经略海洋能力，推动海洋经济高质量发展，加快建设海洋强国。加强海洋科技创新，巩固提升海洋装备制造业优势，壮大海洋新兴产业，发展现代航运服务业。实施海洋调查和观测监测，推进海洋能源资源和海域海岛开发利用，加强重点海域生态环境保护修复。强化深海极地考察支撑保障体系。坚定维护海洋权益和安全，提高海上执法和海事司法能力。
32. Strengthening marine development, utilization, and protection

We should pursue coordinated land and marine development, increase the capacity for sea management, advance high-quality development of the marine economy, and step up efforts to build China into a strong maritime country. Innovation in marine science and technology should be strengthened. We should consolidate and enhance our edge in marine equipment manufacturing, build up emerging maritime industries, and develop modern shipping services.

We should conduct marine surveys, observation, and monitoring and advance the development and utilization of marine energy and resources, sea areas, and islands. The protection and restoration of ecosystems in key sea areas should be strengthened. Systems for supporting deep-sea and polar-region expeditions should be improved. We must resolutely safeguard our maritime rights, interests, and security and improve our capacity for maritime law enforcement and judicial administration of marine affairs.

十、激发全民族文化创新创造活力，繁荣发展社会主义文化
X. Inspiring the Cultural Creativity of Our Entire Nation and Fostering a Thriving Socialist Culture

文化繁荣兴盛是中国式现代化的重要标志。坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位，植根博大精深的中华文明，顺应信息技术发展潮流，发展具有强大思想引领力、精神凝聚力、价值感召力、国际影响力的新时代中国特色社会主义文化，扎实推进文化强国建设。
A flourishing culture is a hallmark of Chinese modernization. We must uphold the guiding role of Marxism in the ideological domain, remain rooted in the broad and rich Chinese culture, and follow the trends of information technology. On this basis, we should develop a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the new era—a culture that has the power to guide, unite, and inspire our people and enjoys strong international appeal. This will see us making tangible progress in building China into a country with a strong culture.

（33）弘扬和践行社会主义核心价值观。深化党的创新理论学习和宣传教育，坚持不懈用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂。创新实施马克思主义理论研究和建设工程，加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系。以社会主义核心价值观引领文化建设，发挥文化养心志、育情操的作用，涵养全民族昂扬奋发的精神气质。弘扬诚信文化、廉洁文化。加强和改进思想政治工作，推进校园文化建设，用好红色资源，加强青少年理想信念教育。统筹推进城乡精神文明建设，提升人民文明素养和社会文明程度。加强网络内容建设和管理。提升信息化条件下文化领域治理能力。
33. Promoting and practicing the core socialist values

We should devote greater efforts to the study, public communication, and education of the Party’s latest theories and continue to build cohesion and inner strength with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We should develop new approaches to implementing the project to study and develop Marxist theory and accelerate the building of a Chinese intellectual system in philosophy and social sciences. We should steer our cultural development with the core socialist values, harness the role of culture in nurturing the mind and cultivating character, and further elevate the morale of the entire nation.

We should promote credibility and integrity in society. We should strengthen and improve theoretical and political work, promote the development of campus culture, make the best use of resources related to the Party’s heritage, and work to foster ideals and convictions among our young people. We should make coordinated efforts to promote cultural-ethical progress in both urban and rural areas, with a view to fostering civic virtue and enhancing public civility. Greater efforts should be made to improve the quality and management of online content. We should enhance our governance capacity in the cultural sector in the information age.

（34）大力繁荣文化事业。营造良好文化生态，提升文化原创能力，推动新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术等领域精品创作。培育形成规模宏大、结构合理、锐意创新的高水平文化人才队伍。广泛开展群众性文化活动，繁荣互联网条件下新大众文艺。深化主流媒体系统性变革，推进新闻宣传和网络舆论一体化管理，提高主流舆论引导能力。深入实施中华优秀传统文化传承发展工程，推动文化遗产系统性保护和统一监管督察，加强历史文化名城、街区、村镇有效保护和活态传承。建好用好国家文化公园。构建中华文明标识体系。坚持文化惠民，实施公共文化服务提质增效行动。推进书香社会建设。统筹推进群众体育和竞技体育发展，加快建设体育强国。
34. Boosting cultural programs

We should foster a sound cultural ecosystem, nurture original cultural creation, and promote the production of outstanding works in fields such as the press, publishing, radio, television, film, literature, and art. We need to develop a large, well-structured contingent of high-performing, dedicated, and innovative personnel in the cultural sector. We should roll out broad-based public cultural activities and promote new forms of literature and art for the general public in the internet age. We should push forward with the systemic transformation of mainstream media and the integrated management of media communication and online public opinion, so the mainstream media serves to better guide public opinion.

We should continue with the project to pass on and develop fine traditional Chinese culture. Cultural heritage protection should be systematically advanced and put under unified supervision and inspection. Effective preservation approaches should be adopted in cities, urban districts, towns, and villages renowned for their historical and cultural heritage to see that they continue to develop as living monuments to history. We should build and make good use of national cultural parks and develop a system of defining symbols of Chinese culture.

Cultural development must remain oriented toward the public benefit, and initiatives should be launched to enhance the quality and efficiency of public cultural services. Further efforts should be made to foster a culture of reading in our society. Recreational and competitive sports should be developed through a coordinated approach to see that we make faster progress in building China into a country strong in sports.

（35）加快发展文化产业。完善文化管理体制和生产经营机制。健全文化产业体系和市场体系，培育优秀文化企业和品牌，实施重大文化产业项目带动战略，实施积极的文化经济政策。推进文化和科技融合，推动文化建设数智化赋能、信息化转型，发展新型文化业态。引导规范网络文学、网络游戏、网络视听等健康发展，加强未成年人网络保护。推进旅游强国建设，丰富高品质旅游产品供给，提高旅游服务质量。提升入境游便利化国际化水平。推进文旅深度融合，大力发展文化旅游业，以文化赋能经济社会发展。
35. Accelerating the development of cultural industries

Improvements should be made to the cultural management system and the mechanisms for production and operations in the cultural sector. We should refine the systems for cultural industries and markets, cultivate outstanding cultural enterprises and brands, implement the strategy of boosting the cultural sector through major projects, and roll out proactive economic policies for the sector.

We need to further integrate culture and technology. We must empower cultural development with digital and intelligent technologies and shift to an IT-based development model, while working to foster new forms of cultural business. We should provide guidance and regulation to promote sound development of online literature, games, and audio & video content, and strengthen the protection of minors in cyberspace.

To boost China’s tourism sector, we should develop a broader range of high-grade tourism products and improve the quality of tourism services. More convenient and foreigner-friendly services should be provided for inbound tourists. We should spur deeper integration of culture and tourism through the vigorous development of cultural tourism and use culture to empower economic and social development.

（36）提升中华文明传播力影响力。完善国际传播体制机制，创新传播载体和方式，加强重点基地建设，增强主流媒体国际传播能力，全面提升国际话语权，讲好中国故事，展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象。加强区域国别研究，提升国际传播效能。深化文明交流互鉴，广泛开展国际人文交流合作，鼓励更多文化企业和优秀文化产品走向世界。
36. Extending the reach and appeal of Chinese civilization

We should improve the institutions and mechanisms for international communication. We need to create new mediums and ways of conducting communication, further develop key communication centers, and see that the mainstream media enhances its capacity for international communication. Our goal is to give China a stronger voice in the international arena on all fronts, better tell China’s stories, and present a China that is credible, appealing, and respectable.

We should strengthen country and region studies to make international communication more effective. We should engage in deeper exchanges and mutual learning with other cultures, carry out extensive people-to-people exchanges and cooperation, and encourage efforts to build the presence of more cultural enterprises and fine cultural works on the world stage.

十一、加大保障和改善民生力度，扎实推进全体人民共同富裕
XI. Ensuring and Improving Public Wellbeing and Promoting Common Prosperity for All

实现人民对美好生活的向往是中国式现代化的出发点和落脚点。坚持尽力而为、量力而行，加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，解决好人民群众急难愁盼问题，畅通社会流动渠道，提高人民生活品质。
Meeting the people’s aspirations for a better life is the immutable goal of Chinese modernization. In line with the principle of doing everything within our means, we must ensure that public services are inclusive, meet essential needs, and provide a cushion for those most in need, and work to resolve the pressing difficulties and problems that concern the people most. The channels of social mobility should remain unimpeded, and living standards should be further improved.

（37）促进高质量充分就业。深入实施就业优先战略，健全就业促进机制，构建就业友好型发展方式。加强产业和就业协同，积极培育新职业新岗位，支持企业稳岗扩岗。完善人力资源供需匹配机制，健全终身职业技能培训制度，强化择业和用人观念引导，着力解决结构性就业矛盾。完善就业支持和公共服务体系，稳定和扩大高校毕业生、农民工、退役军人等重点群体就业，推动灵活就业、新就业形态健康发展。加大创业支持力度，增强创业带动就业效应。完善劳动标准体系和劳动关系协商协调机制，加强劳动者权益保障，营造公平有序就业环境。完善就业影响评估和监测预警，综合应对外部环境变化和新技术发展对就业的影响。
37. Promoting high-quality full employment

We should push forward with the employment-first strategy, improve related support mechanisms, and make our development model more employment-friendly. We should foster greater synergy between industry and employment, actively nurture new jobs and occupations, and help enterprises stabilize payrolls and step up hiring.

We should improve the mechanisms for matching the supply of human resources with demand, refine the system of lifelong vocational skills training, and work to effectively guide public opinion regarding career choices and personnel recruitment, with a view to addressing structural employment challenges. We should refine the employment support and public services system, and stabilize and expand employment among key groups, including college graduates, rural migrant workers, and ex-service members. We should also promote the healthy development of flexible and new forms of employment.

We should ramp up support for entrepreneurship and help business startups create more jobs. We should refine labor standards and the mechanisms for labor relation consultations and mediation and better protect the rights and interests of workers to create a fair and orderly employment environment. We should improve assessment, monitoring, and early warning regarding employment impacts, and respond in a holistic way to the effects of external changes and emerging technologies on employment.

（38）完善收入分配制度。坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。健全各类要素由市场评价贡献、按贡献决定报酬的初次分配机制，促进多劳者多得、技高者多得、创新者多得。完善劳动者工资决定、合理增长、支付保障机制，推行工资集体协商制度，健全最低工资标准调整机制，加强企业工资分配宏观指导。多渠道增加城乡居民财产性收入。加强税收、社会保障、转移支付等再分配调节。促进和规范公益慈善事业发展。规范收入分配秩序和财富积累机制，支持勤劳创新合法致富，鼓励先富带后富促共富。实施城乡居民增收计划，有效增加低收入群体收入，稳步扩大中等收入群体规模，合理调节过高收入，取缔非法收入，推动形成橄榄型分配格局。
38. Improving the income distribution system

We must keep distribution according to work as the mainstay with multiple forms of distribution existing alongside it. We should work to raise the share of personal income in the distribution of national income and give more weight to work remuneration in primary distribution.

We should improve the mechanisms through which the contributions of production factors are determined by the market and rewarded accordingly in primary distribution. This will allow higher incomes for those who work hard, possess highly valued skills, or excel at innovation. We should also improve the mechanisms for determining wages, keeping them increasing at a reasonable rate, and ensuring their full payment. We should implement a system for collective wage bargaining, refine the mechanism for minimum wage adjustments, and strengthen macro guidance for enterprises on wage distribution.

We should leverage multiple channels to increase the property income of both urban and rural residents and promote further redistribution by means of taxation, social security, and transfer payments. Public interest activities and charities should be advanced and placed under better regulation. We should keep income distribution and the means of accumulating wealth well-regulated and support the acquirement of wealth through hard work, innovation, and lawful activities. We should encourage those who are already well-off to assist others in increasing wealth and promote prosperity for all.

We should put into effect an income growth plan for both urban and rural residents, effectively increase the earnings of low-income people, steadily enlarge the middle-income group, make reasonable adjustments to excessive incomes, and eliminate illicit gains, all with the aim of facilitating the formation of an oval-shaped structure of distribution.

（39）办好人民满意的教育。实施新时代立德树人工程，促进思政课堂和社会课堂有效融合，加强体育、美育、劳动教育，完善教育评价体系。健全与人口变化相适应的教育资源配置机制，扩大学龄人口净流入城镇的教育资源供给。稳步扩大免费教育范围，探索延长义务教育年限。推动基础教育扩优提质，统筹义务教育优质均衡发展、学前教育优质普惠发展，扩大普通高中办学资源，办好特殊教育、专门教育。推动高等教育提质扩容，扩大优质本科教育招生规模。提升职业学校办学能力，建设特色鲜明高职院校。引导规范民办教育发展。扩大高水平教育对外开放。弘扬教育家精神，培养造就高水平教师队伍，强化教师待遇保障。健全学校家庭社会协同育人机制。深入实施教育数字化战略，优化终身学习公共服务。
39. Developing education that meets the people’s expectations

We should carry out the project of fostering virtue through education in the new era, promote effective integration between political studies in the classroom and practice in society, and strengthen physical, aesthetic, and labor skills education. The educational assessment system should also be refined. We should improve the mechanisms for allocating educational resources in response to demographic changes and channel more resources to urban areas with net inflows of school-age populations.

We should steadily expand the coverage of free education and explore the extension of the length of compulsory education. Basic education should be upgraded: coordinated efforts should be made to ensure more balanced, better-quality compulsory education and more inclusive and higher-quality preschool education; more resources should go to regular senior secondary schools; and special needs and specialized education programs should be well run.

We should expand and improve higher education and increase enrollment in quality undergraduate programs. We should enhance the training capacities of vocational schools and develop vocational colleges with distinctive features. We should guide and regulate the development of private education and expand high-standard opening up in the education sector.

We should promote the educators’ ethos, cultivate high-caliber teachers, and ensure better pay and benefits for teachers. We should improve the school-family-society collaboration mechanism in education, advance the digital transformation strategy for education, and optimize public services in support of lifelong learning.

（40）健全社会保障体系。完善并落实基本养老保险全国统筹制度，加快发展多层次、多支柱养老保险体系，健全待遇确定和调整机制，逐步提高城乡居民基础养老金。健全多层次医疗保障体系，推进基本医疗保险省级统筹，优化药品集采、医保支付和结余资金使用政策。扩大失业、工伤保险覆盖面，建立健全职业伤害保障制度。完善社保关系转移接续政策，提高灵活就业人员、农民工、新就业形态人员参保率。健全社会保险精算制度，继续划转国有资本充实社保基金，健全社保基金长效筹集、统筹调剂、保值增值和安全监管机制。发挥各类商业保险补充保障作用。优化全国统一的社保公共服务平台和经办管理服务。健全社会救助体系。完善空巢老人、困境儿童、残疾人等群体服务保障体系。建立健全基本殡葬服务制度。坚持男女平等基本国策，保障妇女儿童合法权益。加强退役军人服务保障。
40. Improving the social security system

We should improve and implement the unified national management system for basic old-age insurance funds, move faster to develop the multi-tiered, multi-pillar old-age insurance system, and improve the mechanisms for setting and adjusting benefits. Basic old-age insurance benefits for rural and non-working urban residents should be gradually increased. We should improve the multi-tiered medical security system, advance unified management of basic medical insurance funds at the provincial level, and improve the policies on centralized medicine procurement, medical insurance payment, and the use of surplus funds. We should expand the coverage of unemployment insurance and workers’ compensation schemes and build sound systems for occupational injury insurance. We should improve the policies for transferring social security accounts and work for wider social security coverage among rural migrant workers as well as people in flexible employment and new forms of employment.

We should improve the social insurance actuarial system, continue to transfer a portion of state capital to replenish social security funds, and improve the mechanisms for guaranteeing long-term, sustainable contributions to social security funds, conducting overall management and regulation of funds, maintaining and increasing their value, and ensuring their safety. Commercial insurance schemes should be leveraged as a supplementary support. We should improve the unified national platform for social insurance public services and the management of and services by insurance agencies nationwide.

We should refine the social assistance system, improve the service and support system for elderly people who live alone, children in need, and people with disabilities, and put in place a sound system for basic funeral services. We must remain committed to the basic state policy of gender equality and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. We should continue to improve services and support for ex-service members.

（41）推动房地产高质量发展。加快构建房地产发展新模式，完善商品房开发、融资、销售等基础制度。优化保障性住房供给，满足城镇工薪群体和各类困难家庭基本住房需求。因城施策增加改善性住房供给。建设安全舒适绿色智慧的“好房子”，实施房屋品质提升工程和物业服务质量提升行动。建立房屋全生命周期安全管理制度。
41. Promoting high-quality development in the real estate sector

We must work faster to cultivate a new development model for the real estate sector and further improve foundational systems for the development, financing, and sales of commodity housing. We should improve the supply of government-subsidized housing to meet the basic housing needs of urban salaried workers and families with difficulties. City-specific policies should be adopted to increase supply to meet people’s needs for better housing. We should build more houses that are safe, comfortable, eco-friendly, and smart and carry out projects to improve housing quality and initiatives to improve property services. A full life-cycle safety management system should be introduced for housing.

（42）加快建设健康中国。实施健康优先发展战略，健全健康促进政策制度体系，提升爱国卫生运动成效，提高人均预期寿命和人民健康水平。强化公共卫生能力，加强疾控体系建设，防控重大传染病。健全医疗、医保、医药协同发展和治理机制，促进分级诊疗。以公益性为导向深化公立医院编制、服务价格、薪酬制度、综合监管改革，加强县区、基层医疗机构运行保障。优化医疗机构功能定位和布局，实施医疗卫生强基工程，推进全民健康数智化建设。加强慢性病综合防控，发展防治康管全链条服务。全方位提升急诊急救、血液保障和应急能力。加强医疗卫生队伍能力和作风建设。推进中医药传承创新，促进中西医结合。支持创新药和医疗器械发展。加强心理健康和精神卫生服务。
42. Advancing the Healthy China Initiative

We should implement a health-first strategy, refine the framework of policies and institutions for promoting people’s health, and deliver better outcomes in patriotic health campaigns to raise the average life expectancy and improve the people’s health. We should increase our public health capacity, strengthen the disease control system, and effectively prevent and control major infectious diseases.

We should improve the mechanisms for coordinated development and governance of medical services, medical insurance, and pharmaceuticals and promote tiered diagnosis and treatment. We should push ahead with reforms related to the staffing, service charges, remuneration systems, and overall regulation of public hospitals to ensure that they truly serve the public interest. In addition, greater support should be provided for the running of county, district, and community-level medical institutions. We should refine the functions and layout of medical institutions, launch initiatives to strengthen community-level medical and health services, and harness digital and intelligent technologies to improve the health of the entire nation.

We should strengthen comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases and develop end-to-end services covering prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and health management. We should increase our overall capacity in terms of emergency treatment, first aid, blood supply, and other aspects of emergency response. Greater efforts should be made to ensure that medical and healthcare personnel provide better services and uphold professional ethics.
We should promote the preservation and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as well as integrated application of TCM and Western medicine. We should support the development of innovative drugs and medical apparatus and instruments and provide better mental and psychological health services.

（43）促进人口高质量发展。健全覆盖全人群、全生命周期的人口服务体系。倡导积极婚育观，优化生育支持政策和激励措施，发挥育儿补贴和个人所得税抵扣政策作用，有效降低家庭生育养育教育成本。完善生育保险制度，落实生育休假制度，实施早孕关爱行动、孕育和出生缺陷防治能力提升计划。深入开展托育服务补助示范试点，发展普惠托育和托幼一体化服务，逐步完善相关制度。加强妇女和儿童健康服务。积极应对人口老龄化，健全养老事业和产业协同发展政策机制。优化基本养老服务供给，完善城乡养老服务网络，加强公共设施适老化和无障碍改造。发展医育、医养结合服务。推行长期护理保险，健全失能失智老年人照护体系，扩大康复护理、安宁疗护服务供给。稳妥实施渐进式延迟法定退休年龄，优化就业、社保等方面年龄限制政策，积极开发老年人力资源，发展银发经济。
43. Promoting high-quality population development

A sound system will be instituted to provide full life-cycle population services to all. We should encourage positive views on marriage and childbearing, refine the policies and incentives for boosting birth rates, and effectively bring down the costs of childbirth, parenting, and education through childcare subsidies and personal income tax credits. We should improve the maternity insurance system, better implement parental leave, and carry out initiatives to provide better services for women in the early stages of pregnancy, improve reproductive health, and better prevent and treat birth defects. We should expand demonstrations and trials for subsidized childcare services, provide support for public-benefit childcare services and integrated nursery and childcare services, and take steps to improve relevant systems. Better health services should be ensured for women and children.

We must actively respond to population aging and refine the policies and mechanisms for coordinating the development of elderly care programs and industries. We should enhance the provision of basic elderly care services, improve elderly care service networks in both urban and rural areas, and renovate more public facilities to make them age-friendly and barrier-free. We should provide medical services integrated with infant care and elderly care. We should roll out insurance schemes for long-term care, improve the care system for seniors who are functionally impaired, and expand rehabilitation services and hospice care. The statutory retirement age should be gradually raised in a prudent manner. We should improve relevant policies on age requirements related to employment and social security, actively tap elderly human resources, and develop the silver economy.

（44）稳步推进基本公共服务均等化。建立基本公共服务均等化评价标准，完善基本公共服务范围和内容，制定实现基本公共服务均等化的目标、路径、措施，推动更多公共服务向基层下沉、向农村覆盖、向边远地区和生活困难群众倾斜，健全与常住人口相匹配的公共资源配置机制。加强县域基本公共服务供给统筹，完善投入保障长效机制。全面深化事业单位改革。
44. Ensuring more equitable access to basic public services

We should establish assessment standards for equitable access to basic public services, refine the scope and specifics of these services, and define the targets, pathways, and measures for realizing equitable access to them. We should channel more public services toward the community level, rural areas, remote regions, and people in need, and improve the mechanisms for allocating public resources according to the size of permanent resident population. We should better coordinate the supply of basic public services at the county level and improve long-term mechanisms to guarantee the inputs for their provision. We should deepen the reform of public institutions across the board.

十二、加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型，建设美丽中国
XII. Accelerating the Green Transition across the Board and Building a Beautiful China

绿色发展是中国式现代化的鲜明底色。牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，以碳达峰碳中和为牵引，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，筑牢生态安全屏障，增强绿色发展动能。
Green development is a defining feature of Chinese modernization. We must unwaveringly uphold the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and put it into concrete action. Guided by our goals of achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, we should make concerted efforts to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, pursue green development, and boost economic growth. We must reinforce our ecological security shields and strengthen our green development drivers.

（45）持续深入推进污染防治攻坚和生态系统优化。坚持环保为民，全面落实精准科学依法治污，更加注重源头治理，强化减污降碳协同、多污染物控制协同、区域治理协同，深入打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战。加快落实以排污许可制为核心的固定污染源监管制度。实施固体废物综合治理行动。加强环境风险防控，深入推进新污染物治理。完善生态环境标准、监测、评价和考核制度。
45. Pressing ahead with the critical battle against pollution and the drive to upgrade ecosystems

With a commitment to protecting the environment for our people, we should fully implement the policy of combating pollution in a targeted, scientific, and law-based way. Greater attention should be paid to addressing pollution at source. We should better coordinate efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions, control multiple pollutants, and carry out cross-regional initiatives. Fresh headway should be made in keeping our skies blue, waters clear, and lands clean.

We should expedite the implementation of an oversight system for stationary pollution sources centered on emissions permits. We should launch initiatives for the comprehensive treatment of solid waste, intensify the prevention and control of environmental risks, and make substantial progress in treating new pollutants. We should improve the systems for environmental standards, monitoring, and assessment, as well as the evaluation of relevant work.

坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，统筹推进重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程。严守生态保护红线，全面推进以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设，有序设立新的国家公园。加强生物多样性保护。开展生态保护修复成效评估。科学开展大规模国土绿化行动，打好“三北”工程攻坚战。加强青藏高原等地区生态屏障建设。完善多元化生态补偿机制，因地制宜拓展生态产品价值实现渠道。加强重要江河湖库系统治理和生态保护。实施好长江十年禁渔。
We should follow a holistic and systematic approach to the conservation and improvement of mountain, water, forest, farmland, grassland, and desert ecosystems and coordinate efforts to advance major projects for protecting and restoring key ecosystems. We should strictly enforce ecological conservation redlines, strive for extensive progress in developing the national park-based system of protected areas, and establish more national parks in a well-ordered manner.

We should enhance biodiversity protection and launch evaluations of the outcomes of ecological conservation and restoration. We should carry out large-scale greening programs in a well-planned way, score new achievements in this crucial stage of the national shelterbelt program in northwest, north, and northeast China, and reinforce ecological shields in regions such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
We should refine the mechanisms for diverse forms of ecological compensation and broaden the channels for realizing the market value of ecosystem goods and services based on local conditions. We should step up the ecological conservation and systematic governance of important rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. We should continue to effectively enforce the 10-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River.

（46）加快建设新型能源体系。持续提高新能源供给比重，推进化石能源安全可靠有序替代，着力构建新型电力系统，建设能源强国。坚持风光水核等多能并举，统筹就地消纳和外送，促进清洁能源高质量发展。加强化石能源清洁高效利用，推进煤电改造升级和散煤替代。全面提升电力系统互补互济和安全韧性水平，科学布局抽水蓄能，大力发展新型储能，加快智能电网和微电网建设。提高终端用能电气化水平，推动能源消费绿色化低碳化。加快健全适应新型能源体系的市场和价格机制。
46. Moving faster to develop a new type of energy system

We should steadily increase the share of new energy in the total energy supply, advance the systematic transition from fossil fuels to safe, reliable alternatives, and build a new electric power system, all with the aim of making our country strong in the energy sector.

We should develop wind, photovoltaic, hydro, and nuclear energy, promote both local grid integration and outward power transmission, and boost high-quality development of clean energy. We should promote clean and efficient use of fossil fuels, continue to upgrade coal-fired power plants, and phase out the use of coal in non-industrial sectors.

We should make power grids safer and more resilient and enhance the complementarity between them. Sound plans should be drawn up for pumped-storage hydropower, new types of energy storage should be developed, and the construction of smart grids and microgrids should be accelerated. We should increase the proportion of electricity in final energy consumption and encourage green and low-carbon energy consumption. We should accelerate efforts to foster robust market and pricing mechanisms for a new energy system.

（47）积极稳妥推进和实现碳达峰。实施碳排放总量和强度双控制度。深入实施节能降碳改造。推动煤炭和石油消费达峰。完善碳排放统计核算体系，稳步实施地方碳考核、行业碳管控、企业碳管理、项目碳评价、产品碳足迹等政策制度。发展分布式能源，建设零碳工厂和园区。扩大全国碳排放权交易市场覆盖范围，加快温室气体自愿减排交易市场建设。建立健全绿色低碳标准体系，推动引领国际规则标准完善和衔接互认。完善适应气候变化工作体系，提升应对气候变化特别是极端天气能力。
47. Working actively and prudently toward peaking carbon emissions

Both the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions must be controlled. To this end, we should push ahead with retrofitting for energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction and work toward reaching peak consumption of coal and petroleum. We should refine the statistical and accounting systems for carbon emissions while making steady headway in enforcing policies and systems for assessment of carbon-related performance of local authorities, carbon control by industries, carbon management by enterprises, carbon evaluation for projects, and carbon footprint management for products.

We should develop distributed energy sources and build zero-carbon factories and industrial parks. We should expand the coverage of the China Carbon Emission Trade Exchange and build the National Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trading Market at a faster pace. We should adopt sound standards for green and low-carbon development, spearhead improvements to relevant international rules and standards, and promote alignment and mutual recognition between domestic and international rules and standards. We should improve the working system for climate change adaption to bolster our ability to respond to climate change, especially extreme weather conditions.

（48）加快形成绿色生产生活方式。深入推进生态环境分区管控，加强同国土空间规划衔接，协同优化产业布局。推动工业、城乡建设、交通运输、能源等重点领域绿色低碳转型。完善资源总量管理和全面节约制度，提高垃圾分类和资源化利用水平，促进循环经济发展。持续建设国家生态文明试验区，建设美丽中国先行区，打造绿色发展高地。落实促进绿色低碳发展的财税、金融、投资、价格、科技、环保政策。健全绿色消费激励机制，推广绿色低碳生活方式。
48. Accelerating the shift to eco-friendly production practices and lifestyles

We should continue to exercise region-specific environmental management and better align it with territorial space plans, and make coordinated efforts to optimize industrial distribution. We should promote green and low-carbon transitions in industry, urban and rural development, transportation, energy, and other key sectors. The systems for total resource consumption control and comprehensive resource conservation should be improved, and refuse sorting and recycling should be stepped up to boost the circular economy.

We should devote sustained efforts to building national experimental areas for ecological conservation, establish pilot zones under the Beautiful China Initiative, and foster pacesetters for green development. We should pursue fiscal, tax, financial, investment, pricing, sci-tech, and environmental policies that will drive green and low-carbon development. Incentives for eco-friendly consumption should be boosted, and green and low-carbon lifestyles should be promoted.

十三、推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，建设更高水平平安中国
XIII. Modernizing China’s National Security System and Capacity and Building a Peaceful China

建设平安中国是中国式现代化的重要内容。坚定不移贯彻总体国家安全观，走中国特色社会主义社会治理之路，确保社会生机勃勃又井然有序。
Building a Peaceful China is an integral part of the Chinese modernization drive. We must remain steadfast in applying a holistic approach to national security and follow a socialist path of social governance with Chinese characteristics to ensure that our society is both full of vitality and in good order.

（49）健全国家安全体系。巩固集中统一、高效权威的国家安全领导体制，加快构建新安全格局，增强维护和塑造国家安全战略主动。坚持以战略为先导、政策为抓手、法治为保障、风险防控为落脚点，完善国家安全法治体系、战略体系、政策体系、风险防控体系。强化国家安全重点领域和重要专项协调机制，提高应急应变效能。落实国家安全责任制，促进全链条全要素协同联动，形成体系合力。完善涉外国家安全机制，构建海外安全保障体系，加强反制裁、反干预、反“长臂管辖”斗争，深化国际执法安全合作，推动完善全球安全治理。强化国家安全教育，筑牢人民防线。
49. Improving the national security system

We should consolidate our centralized, unified, high-performing, and authoritative leadership system for national security, act faster to develop a new security architecture, and enhance our strategic initiative to safeguard and shape national security. Guided by our strategies, leveraging policy instruments and law-based safeguards, and aiming at mitigating risks, we should improve the legal, strategy, policy, and risk management systems for national security.

Mechanisms for coordinating national security efforts in key sectors and projects should be improved to ensure more efficient response to emergencies and changes.

With the responsibility system for national security fully functioning, we should promote interaction and coordination among all elements across the entire security chain to generate systemic synergy. We should refine mechanisms for ensuring national security in foreign affairs, establish our systems for ensuring overseas security, and step up our fight against foreign sanctions, interference, and long-arm jurisdiction. We should strengthen international law enforcement cooperation on security and promote better global security governance. We should raise public awareness of national security to build a strong public line of defense.

（50）加强重点领域国家安全能力建设。锻造实战实用的国家安全能力，突出保障事关国家长治久安、经济健康稳定、人民安居乐业的重大安全，把捍卫政治安全摆在首位。夯实国家安全基础保障，确保粮食、能源资源、重要产业链供应链、重大基础设施安全，加强战略性矿产资源勘探开发和储备，提高水资源集约安全利用水平，维护战略通道安全，推进国家战略腹地建设和关键产业备份。加强网络、数据、人工智能、生物、生态、核、太空、深海、极地、低空等新兴领域国家安全能力建设。提高防范化解重点领域风险能力，统筹推进房地产、地方政府债务、中小金融机构等风险有序化解，严防系统性风险。
50. Building up national security capacity in key sectors

We must develop tried and tested national security capabilities, placing emphasis on the aspects of security that are essential to the enduring peace and stability of our country, the sound and stable development of our economy, and the wellbeing of our people, and with political security as the top priority.

The fundamentals underpinning national security must be consolidated. To this end, we should ensure the security of food, energy and resources, key industrial and supply chains, and major infrastructure; step up efforts to explore, develop, and build reserves of strategic mineral resources; promote the efficient and safe use of water resources; ensure the security of strategic corridors; and continue to develop our strategic hinterland and ensure backup plans for key industries.

Capacity building on national security should be bolstered in emerging domains, including cyberspace, data, AI, biology, ecology, nuclear energy, outer space, deep sea, the polar regions, and low-altitude airspace. We should improve our ability to prevent and defuse risks in key sectors, taking coordinated steps to address those related to real estate, local government debt, small and medium financial institutions, and other areas in a well-ordered manner. This will enable us to guard against systemic risks.

（51）提高公共安全治理水平。完善公共安全体系，推动公共安全治理模式向事前预防转型。加强气象、水文、地质灾害监测预报预警，提高防灾减灾救灾和重大突发公共事件处置保障能力，加强应急指挥、安全生产、食品药品安全等工作。提升重要基础设施本质安全水平，有效遏制重特大事故。深化社会治安整体防控体系和能力建设，落实维护社会稳定责任，发展壮大群防群治力量，健全扫黑除恶常态化机制，加大预防和打击电信网络诈骗、毒品犯罪等的力度。推进综治中心规范化建设。深化网络空间安全综合治理，加强个人信息保护。强化未成年人违法犯罪预防和治理。全面准确贯彻宽严相济刑事政策，依法惩处违法犯罪，提升刑罚执行质效。
51. Enhancing public safety governance

The public safety system should be improved to drive a shift toward a prevention-based governance model. We should strengthen the monitoring, forecasting, and early warning of meteorological, hydrological, and geological disasters; enhance our capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief and for major public emergency response and support; and step up our work in emergency response command, workplace safety, and food and drug safety. Greater efforts should be devoted to making our critical infrastructure intrinsically safer in order to effectively prevent major and serious accidents.

We need to further develop our integrated system and capacity for maintaining law and order. We should ensure that responsibility for protecting social stability is fulfilled, encourage broader public participation in crime prevention and control, build robust mechanisms for combating and rooting out organized crime on an ongoing basis, and redouble efforts to prevent and crack down on telecom and online fraud and drug-related crime.

The well-regulated development of integrated governance centers should be advanced. We should enhance comprehensive cybersecurity governance and better protect personal information. We should step up efforts to prevent and control juvenile delinquency. We should fully and faithfully implement the policy of severity tempered by leniency in handling criminal cases, punish illegal and criminal activities in accordance with the law, and improve the quality and efficiency of penal decision enforcement.

（52）完善社会治理体系。坚持系统治理、依法治理、综合治理、源头治理，完善共建共治共享的社会治理制度，推进社会治理现代化。健全社会工作体制机制，完善社会治理政策和法律法规体系。加强新经济组织、新社会组织、新就业群体党的建设。加强社会组织培育管理，推动行业协会商会改革发展。加强党建引领基层治理和基层政权建设，全面实施乡镇（街道）履行职责事项清单，健全村（社区）工作事项准入制度。坚持和发展新时代“枫桥经验”，加强乡村治理，完善社区治理。发挥人民群众主体作用，引导各方有序参与社会治理。推进网上网下协同治理。加强基层服务管理力量配置，完善服务设施和经费保障机制。发挥市民公约、村规民约等作用，加强家庭家教家风建设，推进移风易俗，有效治理婚丧嫁娶中的陋习等问题。
52. Improving the social governance system

To modernize social governance, we should adhere to systematic, law-based, and holistic approaches to addressing issues at source and improve the social governance system based on collaboration, participation, and benefit sharing. We should also improve the institutions and mechanisms for social work and refine the legal and policy frameworks for social governance. Party building initiatives should be enhanced in new types of economic and social organizations and among groups in new forms of employment. We should strengthen cultivation and management of social organizations and facilitate the reform and development of trade associations and chambers of commerce.
We should better guide efforts to conduct community-level governance and strengthen primary-level governments through Party building. Lists of duties for town, township, and urban sub-district governments should be fully implemented, while the system for matters entrusted to villages and urban communities should be refined. We should continue to apply and develop the Fengqiao model in the new era, with a view to enhancing governance in both rural and urban communities. We must leverage the principal role of the general public and guide the systematic participation of all sides in social governance.

Governance should be carried out through both online and offline channels. We should allocate more resources to primary-level organizations to enhance their capacity to provide services and conduct management, and improve service facilities and funding support mechanisms. We should leverage the role of social norms, such as citizens’ codes of conduct and local covenants, and cultivate stronger family bonds, values, and traditions. We should change outdated social mores, and in particular, address undesirable practices around weddings and funerals.

完善凝聚服务群众工作机制，夯实社会治理群众基础。加强思想政治引领，改进各类社会群体服务管理，健全利益关系协调、合法权益保障制度，关心关爱困难、弱势群体。健全社会心理服务体系和危机干预机制。强化市民热线等公共服务平台功能，推动“民有所呼、我有所应”。发展志愿服务，加强志愿服务组织管理。推进信访工作法治化。深入推动矛盾纠纷源头化解、多元化解、有序化解。加强社会工作者队伍建设，提高专业化服务水平。
We should improve the working mechanisms for rallying and serving the general public to further consolidate popular support for social governance endeavors. Theoretical and political guidance should be enhanced, and services and management should be improved for all social groups. We need to improve the systems for balancing different interests and protecting legitimate rights and interests. Care and support must be ensured for disadvantaged groups and those in difficulty.
We should improve the system for public psychological and counseling services as well as mechanisms for crisis intervention. Citizen hotlines and other public service platforms should function more effectively, so that all public concerns are attended to. We should continue to develop volunteer services and better manage organizations operating in this field. We should promote law-based handling of public complaints and proposals. We should make further progress in applying diverse solutions and systematic approaches to resolve conflicts and disputes at source. We should strengthen the ranks of social workers and see that they are capable of delivering more professional services.

十四、如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标，高质量推进国防和军队现代化
XIV. Achieving the Centenary Goals of the People’s Liberation Army and Modernizing National Defense and the Armed Forces

巩固国防和强大军队是中国式现代化的战略支撑。贯彻习近平强军思想，贯彻新时代军事战略方针，坚持党对人民军队绝对领导，贯彻军委主席负责制，按照国防和军队现代化新“三步走”战略，推进政治建军、改革强军、科技强军、人才强军、依法治军，边斗争、边备战、边建设，加快机械化信息化智能化融合发展，提高捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益战略能力。
Strong national defense and a powerful military constitute a strategic pillar that underpins Chinese modernization. We should act on Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military and carry out the military strategy for the new era. We must ensure that the Party exercises absolute leadership over the people’s armed forces, and the system of ultimate responsibility resting with the chairman of the Central Military Commission must be implemented. In accordance with the new three-step strategy for modernizing national defense and the armed forces, we should continue to enhance political loyalty in the military, strengthen the military through reform, scientific and technological advances, and personnel training, and run the military in accordance with the law. We should simultaneously carry out operations, boost combat preparedness, and enhance military capabilities; and accelerate integrated military development through mechanization, informatization, and the application of intelligent technologies. All this will enhance our military’s strategic capacity to defend our national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

（53）加快先进战斗力建设。壮大战略威慑力量，维护全球战略平衡和稳定。推进新域新质作战力量规模化、实战化、体系化发展，加快无人智能作战力量及反制能力建设，加强传统作战力量升级改造。统筹网络信息体系建设运用，加强数据资源开发利用，构建智能化军事体系。加快建设现代化后勤。实施国防发展重大工程，加紧国防科技创新和先进技术转化，加快先进武器装备发展。优化军事人力资源政策制度，提高军队院校办学育人水平，打造高素质专业化新型军事人才方阵。实施军事理论现代化推进工程。深化战略和作战筹划，扎实推进实战化军事训练，加强作战能力体系集成，创新战斗力建设和运用模式，增强军事斗争针对性、主动性、塑造力。
53. Speeding up the development of advanced combat capabilities

We should strengthen our strategic deterrence forces to ensure global strategic balance and stability. We should advance the systematic development of new-domain forces with new combat capabilities to boost their scale and meet actual combat needs. We should fast-track the development of unmanned, intelligent combat forces and our capabilities to counter them. We should also upgrade and transform traditional combat forces.
We should better coordinate the development and application of the network information system and step up the development and utilization of data resources, so as to develop an intelligent military system. We should accelerate the development of modern logistics. We should roll out major defense-related projects, in a bid to accelerate the pace of innovation in defense-related science and technology, translation of advanced technologies into combat effectiveness, and development of advanced weaponry and equipment.

We need to develop new types of high-caliber, professional military personnel. With this in mind, we should refine human resource policies and systems within the military and improve the running and programs of military academies. Projects should also be launched to modernize military theory. It is important that we intensify strategic and tactical planning, take solid steps to make our military training more oriented toward actual combat, strengthen the systematic integration of combat capabilities, and create new models for building up and applying our fighting capacity. These efforts will enhance our ability to maintain the initiative and shape our posture through targeted operations.

（54）推进军事治理现代化。完善人民军队领导管理体制机制，调整优化联合作战体系。加强和改进战略管理，深化战建备统筹，强化作战需求牵引，创新管理方法手段，提高军事系统运行效能和国防资源使用效益。加强重大决策咨询评估和重大项目监管，推进军费预算管理改革，改进军事采购制度，完善军队建设统计评估体系，全面落实勤俭建军方针，走高效益、低成本、可持续发展路子。持续深化政治整训，弘扬优良传统，加强重点行业和领域整肃治理。深入推进军队法治建设，加强法规制度供给和执行监督，完善中国特色军事法治体系。
54. Modernizing military governance

We should refine the leadership and management institutions and mechanisms in the people’s armed forces and adjust and improve joint operations systems. We need to strengthen and improve strategic management and enhance coordination between military operations, capacity building, and combat preparedness with a stronger focus on operational requirements. New management approaches should be adopted to ensure better performance of the military system and more efficient use of defense resources.

We should strengthen consultations and evaluations for major decisions and supervision over major projects. We need to advance budget management reform for military expenditures, refine the military procurement system, and improve the statistical and evaluation systems for military development. The principle of building the armed forces through diligence and thrift must be fully implemented to ensure that military development is efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable.

We should continue to improve political conduct, carry forward fine traditions, and enforce stricter discipline to rectify misconduct in key sectors and fields. Further efforts should be made to enhance law-based governance of the military. We should formulate more effective rules and regulations and step up enforcement oversight to improve the Chinese system for law-based administration of military affairs.

（55）巩固提高一体化国家战略体系和能力。深化跨军地改革，构建各司其职、紧密协作、规范有序的跨军地工作格局。加快新兴领域战略能力建设，推动新质生产力同新质战斗力高效融合、双向拉动。建设先进国防科技工业体系，优化国防科技工业布局，推进军民标准通用化。加强国防建设军事需求提报和军地对接，推动重大基础设施全面贯彻国防要求，加强国防战略预制。加快国防动员能力建设，加强后备力量建设，加强现代边海空防建设，推进党政军警民合力强边固防。深化全民国防教育，巩固军政军民团结。
55. Consolidating and improving integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities

We should deepen military-civilian reforms and establish a well-regulated, orderly framework where both sides fulfill their respective functions and work in close concert with each other. We should move faster to develop strategic capabilities in emerging fields and work toward effective integration between new quality productive forces and new combat capabilities so that the development of one helps drive that of the other.
We should develop advanced defense-related science, technology, and industry systems, improve planning for these fields, and promote interoperability between military and civilian standards. We should strengthen work on submitting and reporting on defense-related military needs, enhance military-civilian alignment, and ensure that all major infrastructure facilities meet national defense requirements, so that our strategic needs are better fulfilled in advance.

We should work faster to develop national defense mobilization capabilities and build up our reserve forces. We should modernize our border, coastal, and air defense and get our Party, government, military, police, and civilians all working together on consolidating our borders and defense. We should raise public awareness of national defense and further strengthen the unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.

十五、全党全国各族人民团结起来为实现“十五五”规划而奋斗
XV. Rallying the Whole Party and All Chinese People and Striving to Fulfill the 15th Five-Year Plan

坚持和加强党的全面领导是推进中国式现代化的根本保证。坚持以党的自我革命引领社会革命，持之以恒推进全面从严治党，增强党的政治领导力、思想引领力、群众组织力、社会号召力，提高党领导经济社会发展能力和水平，为推进中国式现代化凝聚磅礴力量。
Upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership is the fundamental guarantee for advancing Chinese modernization. We should use the Party’s self-reform to steer social reform and stay committed to strengthening full and rigorous Party self-governance. We should see to it that our Party becomes better at providing political leadership and theoretical guidance, organizing the people, and inspiring society, while also improving its ability to lead China’s economic and social development endeavors. All this will enable us to gather a mighty force for advancing Chinese modernization.

（56）坚持和加强党中央集中统一领导。完善党中央重大决策部署落实机制，确保上下贯通、执行有力。持续用党的创新理论统一思想、统一意志、统一行动。发展党内民主，健全和落实民主集中制，坚持科学决策、民主决策、依法决策。坚持正确用人导向，坚持把政治标准放在首位，树立和践行正确政绩观，完善干部考核评价机制，调整不胜任现职干部，推进领导干部能上能下常态化。强化教育培训和实践锻炼，提高干部队伍现代化建设本领。严管厚爱结合、激励约束并重，激发干部队伍内生动力和整体活力。统筹推进各领域基层党组织建设，增强党组织政治功能和组织功能，发挥党员先锋模范作用。锲而不舍落实中央八项规定精神，狠刹各种不正之风，推进作风建设常态化长效化。深入开展整治形式主义为基层减负工作。完善党和国家监督体系，加强对权力配置、运行的规范和监督。保持反腐败永远在路上的清醒坚定，一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐，坚决打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战。营造风清气正的政治生态。
56. Upholding and strengthening the Party Central Committee’s centralized, unified leadership

We should refine the mechanisms through which the Party Central Committee’s major decisions and plans are carried out so as to ensure cohesion across different levels and effective implementation. We should continue to apply the Party’s new theories to achieve unity in thinking, will, and action. We should develop intraparty democracy and improve and implement democratic centralism to ensure that decision-making is sound, democratic, and law-based. The right approach must be followed in selecting and appointing officials, with political commitment as the primary criterion. We should make sure that officials have a correct understanding of what it means to perform well and act accordingly, and improve the system for assessing their performance. Those who are no longer fit for their posts should be replaced, and ongoing efforts must be made to ensure that officials can be demoted as well as promoted. We should strengthen education and training for officials and temper them through practice, so that they acquire the skills needed to advance modernization. We must be both strict and caring and place equal emphasis on providing incentives and imposing constraints, so as to unleash the internal drive and collective vitality of our officials.

We should take coordinated steps to improve primary-level Party organizations in all sectors, strengthen their political and organizational functions, and give full play to Party members’ exemplary role. We should continue to steadfastly implement the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving work conduct and resolutely stamp out all forms of misconduct. Consistent and unremitting efforts must be made to keep improving conduct. We should continue to address pointless formalities to lighten the burdens on those working on the ground. We should improve the Party and state oversight systems to tighten regulation and oversight over the allocation and exercise of power. The fight against corruption is always ongoing and requires us to remain sober-minded and steadfast. We must take coordinated steps to ensure that officials do not have the audacity, opportunity, or desire to commit corruption, and see that we have the resolve to keep waging this tough, protracted, and all-out battle. We must also work to develop a political atmosphere of integrity.

（57）推进社会主义民主法治建设。坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，发展全过程人民民主，完善中国特色社会主义法治体系。坚持好、完善好、运行好人民代表大会制度，确保国家机关依法行使权力、履行职责，确保人民群众民主权利、合法权益得到维护和实现。坚持和完善中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度，发挥人民政协作为专门协商机构作用，加强各种协商渠道协同配合，推进协商民主广泛多层制度化发展。健全基层民主制度，保障人民依法管理基层公共事务和公益事业。健全吸纳民意、汇集民智工作机制。更好发挥工会、共青团、妇联等群团组织作用，加强产业工人队伍建设、青少年发展、妇女儿童事业发展政策保障。促进人权事业全面发展。完善大统战工作格局，巩固和发展最广泛的爱国统一战线。铸牢中华民族共同体意识，推进中华民族共同体建设。坚持我国宗教中国化方向，加强宗教事务治理法治化。全面贯彻党的侨务政策，更好凝聚侨心侨力。
57. Advancing socialist democracy and rule of law

We must remain firmly committed to the path of socialist political advancement with Chinese characteristics. We should uphold the unity between leadership by the Party, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance, develop whole-process people’s democracy, and promote socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. The system of people’s congresses must be upheld, improved, and implemented to good effect, so as to ensure that state institutions exercise powers and perform duties in accordance with the law, and that people’s democratic rights and other legitimate rights and interests are protected and guaranteed. The system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation should also be upheld and improved. We must give play to the role of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference as a specialized consultative body and strengthen coordination between the various channels of consultation to promote extensive, multilevel, and institutionalized development of consultative democracy.

We should enhance democracy at the primary level and ensure that the people manage public affairs and run public-interest programs in local communities in accordance with the law. We should improve the working mechanisms for drawing on public opinion and pooling the wisdom of the people. The roles of people’s organizations, such as trade unions, Chinese Communist Youth League organizations, and women’s federations, should be brought into better play, and stronger policy support should be provided to build up the ranks of industrial workers, promote youth development, and advance the cause of women and children. We must promote all-around advancement of human rights.

We should refine our approach to building a broad united front with the aim of consolidating and developing the broadest possible patriotic united front. A stronger sense of community for the Chinese nation should be forged, and the community of the Chinese nation should be further developed. We must ensure that religions in China are Chinese in orientation and strengthen law-based governance of religious affairs. We should fully implement the Party’s policy on overseas Chinese affairs to pool the support and strength of Chinese nationals residing abroad.

坚持全面依法治国，协同推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法。加强宪法法律实施和监督，完善维护国家法治统一制度机制。加强立法规划和立法审查，提高立法质量。强化法治政府建设，全面落实行政规范性文件备案审查，完善实质性化解行政争议机制。推进政法工作数字化平台建设，强化跨部门执法司法协同和监督。规范司法权力运行，完善司法公正实现和评价机制，提高司法裁判公正性、稳定性、权威性。强化检察监督，加强公益诉讼。依法保障人身权、财产权、人格权，健全规范涉企执法长效机制，防止和纠正违规异地执法、趋利性执法。健全国家执行体制，有效解决“执行难”问题。加快涉外法治体系和能力建设，健全国际商事调解、仲裁、诉讼等机制。加强领导干部依法办事监督检查，完善综合性法治评价工作机制。推进法治社会建设，营造全社会崇尚法治、恪守规则、尊重契约、维护公正的良好环境。
We must advance law-based governance on all fronts. We should make coordinated efforts to promote sound legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial administration of justice, and observance of the law by all. We should step up efforts to implement the Constitution and laws and to oversee compliance with them, while also refining the institutions and mechanisms for upholding unity in the rule of law. We should strengthen legislative planning and thoroughly review legislative work to deliver higher-quality legislation. We should strive to build a law-based government, ensure full implementation of the filing and review system for administrative normative documents, and improve the mechanisms for facilitating the substantive resolution of administrative disputes.

We should further develop the digital platforms for judicial and law enforcement work to strengthen collaboration and oversight across different departments. We should better regulate the exercise of judicial power, refine the systems through which judicial justice is delivered and evaluated, and do more to ensure the fairness, consistency, and authority of judicial decisions. Procuratorial bodies should conduct stronger supervision and step up their efforts in the sphere of public-interest litigation. We must protect people’s personal rights, property rights, and personality rights as mandated by law. Long-term mechanisms for regulating enterprise-related law enforcement should be refined, and steps must be taken to both prevent and rectify unauthorized cross-jurisdictional and profit-driven law enforcement. We should improve the national law enforcement system and effectively resolve difficulties in enforcing rulings.

We should work faster to improve the system and capacity for ensuring the rule of law in foreign affairs. Mediation, arbitration, and litigation mechanisms for international commercial disputes should also be improved. Stricter oversight and inspection should be conducted to ensure that leading officials act in accordance with the law, and the mechanism for comprehensively assessing the implementation of the rule of law should be refined. We should continue to build a law-based society and foster a favorable environment for ensuring that the rule of law is upheld, rules are observed, contracts are honored, and justice is safeguarded throughout society.

（58）促进香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定。坚定不移贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治方针，落实“爱国者治港”、“爱国者治澳”原则，提升港澳依法治理效能，促进港澳经济社会发展。支持港澳更好融入和服务国家发展大局，加强港澳与内地经贸、科技、人文等合作，完善便利港澳居民在内地发展和生活政策措施。发挥港澳背靠祖国、联通世界独特优势和重要作用，巩固提升香港国际金融、航运、贸易中心地位，支持香港建设国际创新科技中心，不断彰显澳门“一中心、一平台、一基地”作用，推动澳门经济适度多元发展，支持港澳打造国际高端人才集聚高地。
58. Promoting long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao

We must resolutely implement the policy of One Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy. We should see that Hong Kong and Macao are administered by patriots, ensure that both special administrative regions are more effectively governed in accordance with the law, and promote their economic and social development. We should support Hong Kong and Macao in better integrating into and contributing to the country’s overall development. Cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao in economic and trade affairs, science and technology, culture, and other fields should be strengthened, and policies and measures should be improved to make it more convenient for people from the two regions to develop careers and live on the mainland.

Hong Kong and Macao have the backing of the motherland and maintain close connection with the rest of the world. These unique strengths and important roles should be further leveraged. We should consolidate and enhance Hong Kong’s status as an international financial, shipping, and trade center and support it in developing into an international innovation and technology center. We should support Macao’s efforts to appropriately diversify its economic development and better play its roles as a world tourism and leisure center, a service platform for commercial and trade cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking countries, and an exchange and cooperation center where mainstream Chinese culture and diverse cultures coexist. In addition, we should support Hong Kong and Macao in building themselves into international hubs for high-caliber talent.

（59）推动两岸关系和平发展、推进祖国统一大业。深入贯彻新时代党解决台湾问题的总体方略，坚决打击“台独”分裂势力，反对外部势力干涉，维护台海和平稳定，牢牢把握两岸关系主导权主动权。深化两岸交流合作，共同传承弘扬中华文化。高质量推进两岸融合发展示范区建设，加强产业合作，推动两岸经济合作。落实台湾同胞享受同等待遇政策，为台胞在大陆学习、工作、生活创造更好条件，增进两岸同胞福祉。
59. Promoting the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and advancing the cause of national reunification

We must fully implement our Party’s overall policy for the new era on resolving the Taiwan question, resolutely fight against separatist forces aimed at “Taiwan independence,” oppose external interference, safeguard peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, and firmly maintain the initiative and the ability to steer in cross-Strait relations. Exchanges and cooperation across the Strait should be deepened and people on both sides should work together to preserve and carry forward Chinese culture. We should pursue high-quality progress in building the demonstration zone for integrated cross-Strait development, as we work to strengthen industrial and economic cooperation across the Strait. We should implement policies designed to ensure equal treatment for our Taiwan compatriots, create better conditions for them to study, work, and live on the mainland, and enhance the wellbeing of the Chinese people on both sides of the Strait.

（60）推动构建人类命运共同体。倡导平等有序的世界多极化、普惠包容的经济全球化，拓展全球伙伴关系网络，推动构建新型国际关系。深化周边发展融合，强化共同安全，巩固战略互信，构建周边命运共同体。维护大国关系总体稳定，深化同发展中国家团结合作，落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议，引领国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。支持全球南方联合自强，加大援外力度，提供更多国际公共产品。坚决反对霸权霸道霸凌行径，捍卫国际公平正义，维护各国人民共同利益。弘扬全人类共同价值，推动建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界，为构建人类命运共同体作出中国贡献。
60. Promoting the building of a community with a shared future for humanity

We should promote an equal and orderly multipolar world and universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization, expand our global network of partnerships, and foster a new type of international relations. We should work with neighboring countries to advance integrated development, strengthen common security, consolidate strategic mutual trust, and build a community with a shared future among neighboring countries. We should maintain overall stability in major-country relations and deepen solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries. We should act on the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative and work to guide the development of the international order in a more just and equitable direction.

We should support the Global South in building strength through unity, step up aid to other countries, and provide the world with more public goods. We must resolutely oppose all hegemonic, high-handed, and bullying acts, defend international fairness and justice, and safeguard the common interests of people around the world. We should champion the common values of all humanity, promote the building of an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world of lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity, and deliver China’s contribution to building a community with a shared future for humanity.

（61）充分调动全社会投身中国式现代化建设的积极性主动性创造性。按照本次全会精神，制定国家和地方“十五五”规划纲要及专项规划等，形成定位准确、边界清晰、功能互补、统一衔接的国家规划体系。强化规划实施监测评估和监督，健全政策协调和工作协同机制，确保党中央决策部署落到实处。贯彻尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造的方针，激发全社会干事创业、创新创造活力，形成人尽其才、才尽其用、万众一心、勠力进取的生动局面。
61. Mobilizing the initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity of the whole society to advance Chinese modernization

National and local 15th five-year plans and sector-specific plans will be formulated on the basis of the guiding principles from this plenary session to form a unified, well-aligned national planning system featuring clearly defined targets, clear boundaries, and complementary functions. We should improve the monitoring, evaluation, and oversight of the implementation of these plans and refine mechanisms for policy coordination and work collaboration, to ensure that the Party Central Committee’s decisions and plans are fully implemented.

Based on the principle of respecting work, knowledge, talent, and creativity, we should harness the drive, enterprise, innovation, and ingenuity of our whole society, and foster a vibrant environment where all our people can realize their full potential, put talents to best use, and press ahead with one heart and one mind.

全党全军全国各族人民要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，为基本实现社会主义现代化而共同奋斗，不断开创以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业新局面。
Let the whole Party, the entire military, and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups rally more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. Let us work hard together toward the goal of basically realizing socialist modernization. Let us continue to break new ground in our endeavors to build a great country and advance national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization.