James Joyce
意识流小说开山鼻祖——詹姆斯·乔伊斯

James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (1882-1941) was an Irish novelist and poet, considered to be one of the most influential writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century.
詹姆斯·奥古斯丁·阿洛伊修斯·乔伊斯(1882-1941)，爱尔兰小说家、诗人，被认为是20世纪初最有影响力的现代主义先锋派作家之一。

Joyce is best known for Ulysses (1922), a landmark work for the stream of consciousness technique. Other major works are the short-story collection Dubliners (1914), and the novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) and Finnegans Wake (1939). His complete oeuvre includes three books of poetry, a play, occasional journalism, and his published letters.
乔伊斯最著名的作品是《尤利西斯》(1922)，一部具有里程碑意义的伟大意识流作品。其他主要作品有短篇小说集《都柏林》(1914)以及小说《青年艺术家的肖像》(1916)和《芬尼根守灵》(1939)。乔伊斯的主要作品包括三部诗集、一部戏剧、不定期的新闻报道以及发表的信件。

Though most of his adult life was spent abroad, Joyce's fictional universe centers on Dublin, and is populated largely by characters who closely resemble family members, enemies and friends from his time there; Ulysses in particular is set with precision in the streets and alleyways of the city. Shortly after the publication of Ulysses he elucidated this preoccupation somewhat, saying, “For myself, I always write about Dublin, because if I can get to the heart of Dublin I can get to the heart of all the cities of the world. In the particular is contained the universal.”
尽管他的大部分成年生活是在国外度过的，乔伊斯在小说中虚构的世界仍然以都柏林为原型，主要人物仍取材于他的家人、敌人和朋友等，尤其是《尤利西斯》中的城市格局严格照搬了都柏林的街道和小巷。《尤利西斯》出版不久，他曾解释过自己的这一情结，他说：“对我来说，我总是在写都柏林，因为如果我能够到达都柏林的心脏，我就能到达世界上所有城市的中心。特例中蕴含着通性。”

In English literature, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are the two best-known novelists of the “stream of consciousness” school.
在英国文学史上，詹姆斯·乔伊斯和弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫被认为是“意识流”小说家中最著名的两位。