有人问: 有这样一道选择题:
(1)A group of _____are eating_________and_________at the foot of the hill.
A. sheep; grass; leaves
B. sheeps; grasses; leaves
C. sheep; grass; leaf
D. sheeps; grass; leafs
答案为C,为什么A不对?
grass and leaf(青草和树叶)是一皆用零冠词的单形名词成对结构。这种成对结构简洁实用,概括性强,在英语里并不罕见,再如day and night (日日夜夜),body and soul (尽心竭力,全心全意),track and field (田径),flower and fruit (花与果实)等等。
请注意leaf可作为“树叶”的总称,故而不必选用复形leaves。但当一单形名词不足以表达作者的意念时,则有时亦可用“零冠词+单形名词+and+零冠词+复形名词”,实例如:
(2)No matter what weather, he stayed there with notebook and field glasses through the early morning hours.(field glasses是双镜望远镜,须用复形,不可用单形glass)
或用“零冠词+复形名词+and+零冠词+单形名词”,实例如:
(3)Kitty hurriedly gathered up gloves and fan .(同样,这里必须用成双的gloves,不可用指单只的glove)
顺便指出,上述成对结构并不限于“零冠词+单形名词+and+零冠词+单形名词”,还有其他一些结构,如可用or代替and:
(4)Man or boy , I don't like him.
用介词的情况也不少,如:
(5)Three men came marching along, pipe in mouth and sword in hand .
(6)She sells flowers from door to door .
有时亦可用现在分词,如:
(7)There it was, man meeting moon .
也有用谓语动词的情况,如:
(8)It is funny how rogue knows rogue .
也可用more...than...,如:
(9)Hanging on the brow of the skyline was the huge and splendid bulk of Chadwick Hall, more window than wall , one of the most famous Elizabethan houses.
这种成对结构有时用得很活,可以在句中形成对仗,实例如:
(10)Pen he took, and wrote on book-skin , and made the three books into one.
