(1) ①leave可作“留下，遗留，忘带”解(另见forget条)。
- Would you leave a message for her?
你给她留个便条好吗？ - I've left my keys at home and can't enter my house.
我把钥匙忘在家里了，进不了屋。
②leave可以用于引申意义，作“留给，留下(有)，剩下”解。
- This arrangement left a margin of half an hour in catching the train.
这一安排为赶火车留出了半个小时的余地。 - In these circumstances, no other alternatives were left to him but for him to leave that company.
在这种情况下，他除了离开公司别无选择。
③leave也作“交给，留给，交……(做、办等)”解。
- I hope you won't leave in his hands a matter of great consequence to us all.
我希望你不要把对我们所有人都极为重要的事情交到他手上。 - I'm thinking of leaving it to you to make arrangements for the meeting.
我在考虑由你来为会议做安排。 - Wouldn't it be better to leave arranging the business affairs of the firm to Mr. Smith?
把公司安排业务的工作交给史密斯先生，那不是更好么？ - It is decided that we leave it to you to settle all the business.
我们已决定由你来解决全部事宜。
④leave有时作“让(继续处于……状态)”解，可接带过去分词、现在分词、形容词和介词短语的复合结构。
- Why did you leave your homework unfinished and go bowling?
你为何没做作业就打保龄球去了？ - I don't know whether I left any of your questions unanswered last time.
我不知道对你们的问题我上次是否还有没回答的。 - Don't leave the customers waiting outside in the cold wind — ask them in.
不要让顾客在室外的寒风中等待——让他们进来吧。 - In this part of the examination paper, whole predicates are to be left blank for the students to fill in.
在试卷的这一部分，整个谓语空出来由学生来填。 - We had an awful dust storm yesterday that left everything in the house dirty .
昨天我们遇上了可怕的沙尘暴，把屋里的东西全都弄脏了。 - His failure in English exams for the third time left him without a ray of hope.
他的第三次英语考试又没及格，这使他失去了最后一线希望。 - That illness of his left his heart weak/left him with a weak heart.
他那场病让他患上了心力衰竭后遗症。
⑤leave可作“搁置(暂不解决、讨论)”解。
- I think we'd better leave it for the moment and concentrate on the major problems.
我想我们现在最好把它先搁置一边，集中解决主要问题。 - Perhaps we can leave it there for another day, can we?
或许我们可以把这事搁一下，改天再解决，好吗？
⑥leave的过去分词，常用来表示“剩下，未被使用，仍在那里”之意，通常置于名词以及像anything, nothing, nobody这样的词之后。
- How much of that forty pounds have you left after buying these things?
买了这些东西之后，你那40英镑还剩下多少？ - After the explosion, there were only two people left alive. (or: ...only two people were left alive.)
爆炸之后只剩下两人活着。 - He was so absorbed in science that he had no time left in which to exercise.
他那么专心致志于科学研究，以至于没有时间来锻炼身体。 - He knew that there would be only one thing left for him to do — just to quit his job.
他知道他能做的只剩下一件事了，那就是辞职。
⑦基于上面的基本意思，leave常用来组成如下短语：
A . be left with意思是“给留下……；被剩下……”。
- If I make payment on cash, I shall be left with only fifty pounds.
如果我用现金支付，就将只剩50英镑了。
B . leave about意为“乱扔，乱放”。
- Why can't you alter your bad habit of leaving things about?
你为什么就不能改一改乱放东西的坏习惯？
C . leave alone (with)意思是“不管，别惹，别碰”；“撇下……一个人；让……一个独自待着；和……单独在一起”。
- I suggest that we leave this question alone for a time; it's somewhat too early to handle it.
我建议我们先不管这个问题，现在处理它还为时尚早。 - You leave that dog alone or it will bite you.
你不要去惹那只狗，否则它会咬你。 - The last thing she wanted to do was to be left alone with that strange man.
她最不想做的就是让她与那个奇怪的人单独在一起。
D . leave aside是“搁在一旁(不考虑、不处理)”。
- Why can't we be a bit more patient? Leaving it aside for a moment won't do any harm.
为什么我们不能再耐心一点？把它先放一放没坏处。 - Even leaving aside the question of the new appointments, it will be impossible for the committee to fulfil all their duties in the next few weeks.
即便是把任命新人的问题放在一边，委员会要在今后几周内履行全部职责也是不可能的。
E . leave behind 意为“留下，不带，遗留，遗忘”。
- He felt sad because he had left his bag behind in the bus.
他感到很扫兴，因为他把包忘在公交车上了。 - Some tourists of poor quality often leave behind a trail of fruit peels in the park.
一些素质不高的游客常常在公园里留下一连串的果皮。
F . leave go/hold (of) 意为“放开，松开手”。
- Don't leave go of the branch — I'll come and take you down.
别松开树枝——我这就过来把你接下来。 - If you leave hold of the rope, you'll fall to your death!
如果你松开绳子你就会摔死。
G . leave...in the lurch意思是“在……有困难时丢下不管；弃而不顾”。
- I don't think much of a person who leaves his friends in the lurch when troubles arise.
一个在困难中弃朋友而不顾的人，我可认为不怎么样。
H . leave it at that是“(就此)算了，对……不再说什么/不作努力”。
- They haven't the slightest intention of solving the problem; you'd better leave it at that .
他们丝毫没有解决问题的打算，你最好就这么着吧。 - I don't want to argue any further about that matter; we disagree, so let's leave it at that .
这件事我不想再争下去，我们有分歧，所以咱们就此算了吧。
I . leave much to be desired意思是“不够好”。
- Obviously his work leaves much to be desired .
显然，他的工作还不够好。 - The hotel leaves much to be desired .
这家旅馆非常不理想。
J . leave open表示“使(门窗等)保持敞开着；为……提供(机会、可能性)等”。
- The new society leaves open to the individual a wide range of possibilities.
新社会为个人提供了广泛的机遇。 - Leave the window open , we need some air in the house.
让窗户敞开，我们屋内需要些新鲜空气。
K . leave one's options open意为“使有选择余地”。
- Don't leave your present job until you have actually accepted the one that you've been offered, just in case you decide not to take it; that way you will be leaving your options open .
到你真正接受了一份提供给你的工作后再离开你现在的工作，以免你决定不接受它，这样一来，你就会有选择的余地。
L . a．leave out是“把……放在外面；让……留在外面”。
- Why, you left the washing out in the rain all night!
嗨，你把洗的东西留在外面淋了一整夜雨！
b．leave out又作“遗漏，漏掉，删掉”解，还作“不注意，不理睬(某人)，冷落(某人)”解。
- Please complete this check properly; the date has been left out .
请将支票填好，你漏填了日期。 - In typing the manuscript, be careful not to leave out any words.
打这份手稿时要小心别漏掉任何字。 - It's Mary's own fault if she feels left out at the party. She makes no effort to be friendly to people.
如果玛丽感到聚会时受到了冷落，那是她自己的错。她没有努力对别人表示友好。
M . leave out of是“从(名单等)遗漏”。
- Don't leave me out of the team when you organize the volleyball team.
你们组建排球队时别把我给漏了。
N . leave over意思是“使剩余，遗留”，又作“暂时搁置，暂不解决”解。
- After sharing out the apples, there were only two left over .
分完这些苹果后，就只剩下两个了。 - When I had finished making the dress, I had only a few square inches of material left over .
我做完这件衣服后，只剩下几平方英寸的布料了。 - What little time I have left over from work, I give to reading.
我把工作之余的点滴时间都用来读书了。 - We'll leave the consideration of the matter over until the next meeting, then.
那么，我们将这个问题留到下次会议再考虑吧。
O . leave sth. to chance/fate意思是“碰运气，听天由命”。
- You can't leave your whole future to chance/fate, but must work hard in order to succeed.
你不能拿你的前途来碰运气，你必须努力干才能成功。
P . leave sb. to himself/his own devices/resources意思是“由某人自己去想办法，由某人自己去(不去管他)”，常用于试图帮助某人而不成的场合。
- I decided to leave Jim to his own devices/resources after he had refused to accept any of my suggestions.
在吉姆拒绝接受我的建议后，我决定由他自己去。 - He usually left us to our own resources; he didn't mind how the work was done as long as it was finished when we'd promised.
他通常让我们自行去完成工作；只要能在我们许诺的时间内完成，他一点也不在意我们怎样来做这份工作。
Q . leave with是“把……留给(某人)照料、照护；使某人负有……责任”。
- Mary left the children with her mother while she went on holiday.
玛丽去休假时把孩子留给了她妈妈照看。 - You can leave the parcel with me if you like, I'll see that it gets delivered.
如果你愿意，可以把包裹留给我，我将负责把它发出去。 - The director leaves him with the most difficult decisions.
经理让他去做最难做的决定。
R . leave word with (sb.)是“(在某人处)留下话、口信”，如要表示这口信是留给或需转告某人的，则须用“for sb.”。
- I left word with your mother that I couldn't come back as planned.
我给你母亲留下话，我不能按计划返回。 - If you go out, please leave word for me with your brother how to get in contact with you.
如你外出，请在你兄弟处给我留下口信说明如何与你取得联系。 - I was looking for the secretary with whom John had left word for me of his departure.
我当时正找秘书，约翰让秘书把他启程的事转告给我。
S . leave word at (a place)意为“(在某处)留下话、口信”。
- I'll leave word at the hotel desk where you can find me.
我将在旅馆服务台留下话告诉你在哪儿能找到我。
(2) ①remain意为“剩下，余下，还有，(人)留下”，为不及物动词。
- After the big fire, very little remained of the building.
大火后这座建筑所剩无几了。 - Five hundred pounds is all that remains to him of the large fortune he inherited from his father.
他从父亲那里继承的一大笔财产就只剩下500英镑了。 - That visit will always remain in my memory.
那次访问将永远留在我的记忆里。 - If you take 2 from 10, 8 remains .
10减2等于8。
②这时也可用leave，但用法不同。
- Five from nine leaves four.
9减5等于4。 - If you take four from ten, six is left /six remains.
10减4等于6。 - Much remains to be verified.
还有很多事情有待澄清。
③remain也可表示“(继续)待在某处，继续存在，留下”，常可与stay换用。
- I'll remain to see the end of the game. (也可用stay)
我将留下来看看比赛的结果。 - How many weeks shall you remain /stay in Beijing?
你还将在北京待几个星期？
④remain还可表示“(继续)保持或处于(某种状态)”，常与名词、形容词、分词或介词短语连用。
- I think we'd better let things remain as they are for the moment.
我想我们最好让事情暂时保持现状。 - Man remained a hunter for thousands of years.
人类狩猎有数千年之久。 - He remained silent about the matter.
他对此事保持沉默。 - That problem will remain unsettled until the director comes back from abroad.
那个问题直到董事长从国外回来才会得到解决。 - She gave up her seat to an old lady and remained standing for a good hour.
她给老太太让位，自己一直站了足足一小时。 - The treaty shall remain in force for a period of ten years.
该条约的有效期为10年。
⑤remain可以组成以下一些短语：
- A . remain abreast of意为“和……保持同一速度、进度；跟上(发展等)”，与keep abreast of，stay abreast of同义。
- You will have to run as fast as you can to remain/stay/keep abreast of our best runner and prevent him from winning.
你必须跑得尽可能快，才能与我们最优秀的运动员保持同样的速度并阻止他夺冠。 - Scientists have to work hard to remain/keep/stay abreast of new discoveries and developments.
科学家必须努力工作，才能跟上新发现新发展。
B . remain ahead意为“保持领先地位”。
- If I can only remain ahead for a few more yards, I can win this race.
要是我的领先能再多保持几码，就能赢得比赛。 - Getting a good position is only half (of) the story; once you've got ahead you have to work twice as hard to remain ahead .
能得到一个好职位只不过是事情的一半；一旦你领先了，你就必须加倍努力才能保持领先地位。
C . remain ahead of意为“保持领先(于……)的地位；走在(……的)前头”。
- You have to wok hard to remain ahead of your competitors in business, or you can lose your leading position.
为保持领先于商业竞争对手，你必须要努力工作，不然你就会失去你的领先地位。 - Jane was able to bring her work up to a higher standard than that of the others in her class; then she had to work hard to remain ahead of her fellow students.
简把她的学习提到比班内其他人还高的水平上来，然后她必须努力学习才能保持领先于其他同学的位置。
(3) ①stay有“留下来”之意，用于此意时，可与remain互换。
- She offered to stay/remain here to take care of the children.
她主动提出留下来照料这些孩子。
②stay还有“暂住，待”之意。
- Don't stay at a hotel, but stay with us.
不要住旅馆，和我们住在一起吧。
③stay有“止住，停止，阻止，暂不(做)”之意，这时用作及物动词，是较文气的用法。
- Stay your hand! He is but a little child after all.
住手！他毕竟是一个小孩子。 - The manager asked for the execution of the marketing plan to be stayed .
经理要求停止实施销售计划。 - The judge stayed judgement until the following day when he heard both sides.
法官直到次日听了双方申述后才做出判决。
④stay可用作系动词，意为“保持(某种状态)”，与形容词、副词、分词或介词短语连用。
- The children stayed awake last night waiting to see the eclipse.
孩子们昨夜一直没睡觉，等着看月食。 - The temperature here stayed very high until mid-October last year.
去年这里的气温直到10月中旬一直持续偏高。 - The child complained that her socks would not stay up .
这孩子抱怨说她的袜子总是往下滑。
⑤stay可用来组成以下短语：
A . stay abreast (of)意思是“和……保持同一进度、速度、水准；跟上(发展)”，与remain/keep abreast of同义。
- As a scientist, he had to do a lot of reading to stay abreast of new discoveries and developments in his field.
作为一位科学家，他必须大量地阅读，以跟上他那领域中的新发现和新进展。
B . stay ahead (of )与remain/keep ahead(of) 意思相同，都是“保持领先(于……的)地位；走在(……的)前头”。
- If I can only stay ahead of the other runners, now that I'm in the lead, I can win this race!
我现在已经领先了，只要保持领先于其他选手的地位，我就能赢得比赛了。 - Jane used to have difficulty with her school work, but since she showed great improvement recently, she has been able to stay ahead and not get behind the others again.
简曾经在学习上有困难，但自从她最近显示出巨大的进步以来，就一直保持领先，不再落后于他人。
C . stay one step ahead (of)意为“保持领先一步”，与keep/remain one step a head (of)可换用。
- Jim's father often said that one secret of his success in business was that he always stayed/kept/remained one step ahead of public demand.
吉姆的父亲常说他在商业上成功的一个秘诀就是他总是领先公众需求一步。
D . stay at可作“住在某处(做客或住旅馆)”解。
- I'll be able to stay at my aunt's house while I'm in the town.
我在城里时，能住在姑妈家中。
E . stay at home除表示“待在家里”以外，还有“过平静生活之意”，含有不喜冒险、抛头露面等意味。
- Don't you want to do better with your life than just stay at home doing nothing?
难道你不想使生活变得比待在家里无所事事更好些吗？ - The younger son doesn't get about much. He prefers to stay at home and fiddle around with bits of machinery.
小儿子不常到处跑。他喜欢待在家里摆弄些机械零件。
F . stay at one's post意为“坚守岗位”，与remain at/stick to/stand to one's post意思相同。
- A soldier is expected to stay at his post whatever the danger is(whatever danger threatens him).
一个士兵不管有什么危险都要坚守岗位。
G . stay for/to意思是“(作为客人)留下来(吃饭)”，与stay to, stop for/to同义。
- Please stay for/to dinner; we'd love to have you.
请留下吃饭吧，我们喜欢与你一起吃饭。 - How many of these people are staying/stopping for/to dinner?
这些人中有多少要留下吃饭？
H . stay away (from)是“跟……保持距离；离开、不去(上学、上班、开会)等”，与remain away(from)， keep away(from)， stop away (from)意思相同。
- Many of his former supporters disapproved of his latest opinions, and stayed away (from the meeting) when he came to give a speech.
许多他以前的支持者都不赞成他最新的观点，在他前来演讲时没有出席。 - Although his stomach trouble was much better, Tom stayed away (from school) as it was Friday.
虽然汤姆的胃病好多了，但由于是星期五，他就没去上学。
(4) stay behind与keep behind, remain behind为同义短语，意为“在后面保持一段距离”，其中，behind可以是介词，也可是副词。
- It's safest to stay well/a good distance behind (the car in front), in case the car in front (of it) suddenly stops.
为防止前面的车突然停下来，在其后保持适当距离是最安全的。
(5) stay clear of是“(保持)避开，躲开”，与keep clear of, remain clear of, steer clear of可以换用，是非正式用法。
- When you're in a tropical country, stay/keep/remain/steer clear of insects, which may be carrying dangerous diseases.
当你在一个热带国家时，要注意避开昆虫，它们可能会传播危险的疾病。 - At busy times, it's best to avoid the main roads, and stay clear of them until the worst of the traffic is over.
在繁忙时刻最好避开交通要道，一直等到交通状况最糟糕的这段时间过去。
